Indicator

Extreme poverty (international line of US$3.00 per day)

Logo: World Bank, public domain

Proportion of the population with per capita household income below US$3.00 per day, in 2021 purchasing power parity.

Research current through October 13, 2026
Last reviewed October 13, 2026

Unit: % of the population
Population: Resident population
Territory: Brazil
Frequency: Annual (no Census years in the old PNAD)
Desirable direction: Lower is better

Comparisons

The start and end points always come from the same series. The rule for choosing the years is given next to each comparison.

2002 → 2009: 16.2 → 8.4 % of the population (-7.8 percentage points).
Series: World Bank (PIP), based on the Annual PNAD. Rule: Last year before the first term (2002) and last year available within the second (2009; the PNAD was not carried out in 2010, a Census year).
2022 → 2024: 7.6 → 4.7 % of the population (-2.9 percentage points).
Series: IBGE, Continuous PNAD (SDG 1.1.1). Rule: Last year before the third term (2022) and last full year available, in the same series.

World Bank (PIP), based on the Annual PNAD

Comparable block 1981 to 2011 (Annual PNAD). There is no data in Census years (2000, 2010). Values may change with PPP revisions.

Methodology sheet (from the cited documentation; no metadata available through an API)

Variable: headcount, povline = 3 (US$3.00/day, 2021 PPP)
Unit in the source: proportion (0 to 1), converted to %
Territory: Brazil, national level
Population: Population (Annual PNAD)
Frequency in the source: annual, no Census years
Annual value: Annual value published
Values: rate
Seasonal adjustment: not applicable
Revisions: PPP revisions change the levels (claim pobreza-extrema-pobreza.wb-ppc).
Metadata: official lookup (checked on 2026-10-14)

World Bank (PIP), based on the Annual PNAD. Source: World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform, based on IBGE's Annual PNAD (PIP povline=3, survey PNAD), extracted on 2026-10-13. Hollow points: preliminary or partial data. Shaded bands, bounded by dashed lines: years of Lula's terms in office (also marked in the table).

Table with all values (15 periods)

World Bank (PIP), based on the Annual PNAD (% of the population)
Period	Value	Status	Term in office that year
1995	19.5	revised	other government
1996	20.7	revised	other government
1997	20.4	revised	other government
1998	19.1	revised	other government
1999	20.0	revised	other government
2001	17.6	revised	other government
2002	16.2	revised	other government
2003	17.1	revised	Lula 1
2004	15.3	revised	Lula 1
2005	13.7	revised	Lula 1
2006	11.4	revised	Lula 1
2007	10.8	revised	Lula 2
2008	9.1	revised	Lula 2
2009	8.4	revised	Lula 2
2011	7.1	revised	other government

Download CSV · Original query (PIP povline=3, survey PNAD)

IBGE, Continuous PNAD (SDG 1.1.1)

Line of US$3.00/day, 2021 PPP, Continuous PNAD (first interviews; fifth in 2020 to 2021).

Methodology sheet (checked against the official metadata)

Variable: 9617: Proportion of the population below the international poverty line
Unit in the source: Proportion (%)
Territory: Brazil (N1)
Population: Resident population
Frequency in the source: annual (2012 to 2024)
Annual value: Annual indicator of the Continuous PNAD
Values: rate
Seasonal adjustment: not applicable
Revisions: International line revised with the 2021 PPP; series prior to the revision are not comparable.
Metadata: official lookup (checked on 2026-10-14)

IBGE, Continuous PNAD (SDG 1.1.1). Source: IBGE, Continuous PNAD (SIDRA 5817, variável 9617), extracted on 2026-10-13. Hollow points: preliminary or partial data. Shaded bands, bounded by dashed lines: years of Lula's terms in office (also marked in the table).

Table with all values (13 periods)

IBGE, Continuous PNAD (SDG 1.1.1) (% of the population)
Period	Value	Status	Term in office that year
2012	8.8	final	other government
2013	7.9	final	other government
2014	7.0	final	other government
2015	7.6	final	other government
2016	9.0	final	other government
2017	9.2	final	other government
2018	9.3	final	other government
2019	9.2	final	other government
2020	7.9	final	other government
2021	11.2	final	other government
2022	7.6	final	other government
2023	5.8	final	Lula 3
2024	4.7	final	Lula 3

Download CSV · Original query (SIDRA 5817, variável 9617)

Series breaks

pip-pnad × ibge-pnadc: The Annual PNAD (through 2011) and the Continuous PNAD (since 2012) do not form a single series; even with the same line, the World Bank and IBGE arrive at different numbers.

In Ipea's long series, the results of the old PNAD were multiplied by the factor that, in 2012, equates the result of the old PNAD to that of the survey that replaced it.^[1]

Context and interpretation

The World Bank cautions that PPP revisions make the rates incomparable with earlier editions.^[2]

Sources and evidence

Excerpts are quoted in the original language of the source.

1. In Ipea's long series, the results of the old PNAD were multiplied by the factor that, in 2012, equates the result of the old PNAD to that of the survey that replaced it.
- Ipeadata – Metadados PNADS_PERCPOBRE300 · Ipea Official statistics
  Where: series PNADS_PERCPOBRE300, field SERCOMENTARIO. Accessed October 13, 2026.
  “2011, todos os resultados originais obtidos diretamente da fonte foram multiplicados pelo fator que, em 2012, iguala o resultado da antiga PNAD ao da PNAD”
2. The World Bank cautions that PPP revisions make the rates incomparable with earlier editions.
- World Bank API – indicador SI.POV.DDAY (sourceNote) · World Bank International organization
  Where: field sourceNote. Accessed October 13, 2026.
  “As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.”