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Law · Estatuto da Igualdade Racial

Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 (Racial Equality Statute)

Problem
Inequality of opportunities and discrimination against the Black population, which the Statute is intended to combat (art. 1). In 2000, then Deputy Paulo Paim introduced in the Chamber PL 3198/2000, which established a Racial Equality Statute and was shelved without becoming law; the enacted law has as its originating proposal the Senate bill PLS 213/2003, which went through the Chamber as PL 6264/2005, with authorship recorded as Federal Senate, Paulo Paim.
Who it serves
The Black population, for whom the Statute is intended to guarantee the realization of equality of opportunities, the defense of individual, collective and diffuse ethnic rights, and the fight against discrimination; the law also addresses the remaining quilombo communities.
How it works
Law originating in the Legislative Branch: approved by the Senate in 2005, amended by a Chamber substitute text, whose special committee reached an agreed wording in 2009, and signed into law by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on July 20, 2010. The 2005 Senate text had a chapter on a quota system and minimum percentages, such as 30% of the candidacy slots of each party or coalition and 20% of the actors and extras in films and television programs; the enacted text provides for affirmative action programs in education without setting a percentage of slots and does not keep the percentage for television and cinema. The law makes the study of the history of Africa and of the Black population in Brazil mandatory; recognizes definitive ownership of the lands occupied by remaining quilombo communities, without rules for the titling procedure; and guides the Union's budgets without creating a specific fund. According to Ipea (Institute for Applied Economic Research), the rural caucus (bancada ruralista) removed in the Chamber the provisions on the regularization of quilombola lands. Decree 8,136/2013, signed by Dilma Rousseff, approved the regulation of Sinapir: membership of states, the Federal District and municipalities requires a council and a body for promoting racial equality, and the entities may withdraw at any time.

Racial equalityHuman rightsSocial participation and public administration

Relation to the Lula governments

Shared implementation · Second term (2007 to 2010) · from March 2008 to July 2010

On September 9, 2009, the Chamber's special committee approved the rapporteur's opinion with a supplementary opinion.[1]

Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 bears at its close the signatures of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Eloi Ferreira de Araújo and was published in the Official Gazette (DOU) of July 21, 2010.[2]

In the Chamber of Deputies' data on the norm, Law No. 12,288/2010 has PL 6264/2005 as its originating proposal and its origin in the Legislative Branch.[3]

Reshaped under Lula · Third term (since 2023) · from April 2023 to March 2024

Law No. 14,553 of April 20, 2023, signed into law by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, amended arts. 39 and 49 of the Statute to require fields identifying ethnicity and race, by self-classification, in administrative employment records, such as hiring and dismissal forms, the Rais and those of the Sine.[4]

Law No. 14,553/2023 originates in the Legislative Branch: originating proposal PL 7720/2010, by Deputy Vicentinho (PT/SP), introduced on August 4, 2010.[5]

Continued under Lula · Third term (since 2023) · since 2023

According to the CGU, the process for states and municipalities to join Sinapir was regulated by SEPPIR Ordinance No. 8/2014, amended by MIR Ordinance No. 290/2023, and culminates in the publication of the membership agreement in the Official Gazette (DOU).[6]

According to the CGU, a survey by Senapir/MIR with data up to July 22, 2024 indicated that all 26 states, the Federal District and 221 municipalities had joined Sinapir; the CGU considered municipal membership low, out of a total of 5,568 in the country.[7]

According to the CGU, the 2024-2027 PPA set in Program 5804 (Promotion of Ethnic-Racial Equality, Combating and Overcoming Racism) the expansion of Sinapir coverage, with a target of 150 new memberships per year nationwide; the CGU notes that membership by the entities is voluntary.[8]

The CGU concluded, in a 2024 evaluation, that the work of Senapir/MIR in implementing, coordinating and strengthening Sinapir showed significant progress, such as outreach mechanisms, and pointed to opportunities for improvement: expanding training, regulating the membership of municipalities through public consortia, and expanding the Membership Guide.[9]

Origin and precursors

Origin milestone: founding legal act, Second term (2007 to 2010).

Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 bears at its close the signatures of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Eloi Ferreira de Araújo and was published in the Official Gazette (DOU) of July 21, 2010.[2]

Precursors

  • PL 3198/2000 (Chamber), Racial Equality Statute introduced by Representative Paulo Paim, archived in 2023 similar initiative, no succession stated by the source On June 7, 2000, then Deputy Paulo Paim (PT/RS) introduced in the Chamber of Deputies PL 3198/2000, which established the Racial Equality Statute, in defense of those who suffer prejudice or discrimination because of their ethnicity, race and/or color.[10]

Precursor investigation: new structure established (October 14, 2026).

Scope: Record of PL 3198/2000 and Ipea's assessment (no. 20, 2012) of its content; PLS 213/2003 and SCD 213/2003 (Senate pages); PL 6264/2005 (record, initial Senate text, supplementary vote of 2009); Ipea no. 18 (2010); Law 12,288/2010 (original publication at the Chamber; data on the norm at the Chamber and the Senate). Opinions and text of the SCD at the Senate blocked by an anti-robot challenge. The full text of PL 3198/2000 and Law 10,639/2003 were not opened.

Responsibilities

  • Chamber of Deputies (PL 6264/2005, special committee, rapporteur Antônio Roberto) legislative approval

    On September 9, 2009, the Chamber's special committee approved the rapporteur's opinion with a supplementary opinion.[1]

  • Presidency of the Republic (signed into law in 2010) legislative approval

    Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 bears at its close the signatures of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Eloi Ferreira de Araújo and was published in the Official Gazette (DOU) of July 21, 2010.[2]

  • States, Federal District, and municipalities (voluntary adherence to Sinapir; councils for the promotion of ethnic equality) state implementation

    States, the Federal District and municipalities may establish councils for the promotion of ethnic equality, advisory and with equal representation between the public authorities and civil society, and the Executive Branch will prioritize the transfer of resources from the law's programs to the entities that have created these councils.[11]

  • Municipalities that joined Sinapir municipal implementation

    According to the CGU, a survey by Senapir/MIR with data up to July 22, 2024 indicated that all 26 states, the Federal District and 221 municipalities had joined Sinapir; the CGU considered municipal membership low, out of a total of 5,568 in the country.[7]

  • Office of the Comptroller General (CGU) oversight

    The CGU concluded, in a 2024 evaluation, that the work of Senapir/MIR in implementing, coordinating and strengthening Sinapir showed significant progress, such as outreach mechanisms, and pointed to opportunities for improvement: expanding training, regulating the membership of municipalities through public consortia, and expanding the Membership Guide.[9]

Timeline

Timeline of Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 (Racial Equality Statute)
DatePhaseWhat happened
June 2000AnnouncementDeputy Paulo Paim introduces in the Chamber PL 3198/2000, which establishes the Racial Equality Statute.[10]
September 2009AnnouncementThe Chamber's special committee approves the opinion with a supplementary opinion (September 9, 2009), after agreement among the members.[1]
July 2010Legal actLaw 12,288/2010 signed into law on July 20 and published on July 21; in force 90 days after publication.[2]
November 2013Legal actDecree 8,136/2013 (Dilma Rousseff government) approves the Sinapir regulation.[12]
April 2023Legal actLaw 14,553/2023 amends arts. 39 and 49 of the Statute (race and color records in employment and IBGE survey in the public sector).[4]
July 2024Implementation26 states, the Federal District and 221 municipalities members of Sinapir (data up to July 22, 2024, cited by the CGU).[7]

How it works

Under art. 1, the Statute is intended to guarantee the Black population the realization of equality of opportunities, the defense of individual, collective and diffuse ethnic rights, and the fight against discrimination and other forms of ethnic intolerance.[13]

In education, the enacted law provides that the public authorities will adopt affirmative action programs, without setting a percentage of slots; for commissioned positions, it says that the federal Executive Branch may implement criteria aimed at increasing the participation of Black people.[14]

In the enacted law, the production of films and television and cinema programs must adopt the practice of providing employment opportunities for Black actors, extras and technicians, without the minimum percentage of 20% that appeared in the text sent by the Senate in 2005.[15]

Art. 11 makes mandatory, in public and private elementary and high school institutions, the study of the general history of Africa and of the history of the Black population in Brazil, in compliance with Law No. 9,394/1996.[16]

On quilombos, the enacted law recognizes definitive ownership for the remaining members of quilombo communities who are occupying their lands, with the State required to issue them titles, and orders the federal Executive Branch to adopt special sustainable development policies for these communities, without rules for the titling procedure.[17]

The federal Executive Branch must create instruments to measure the social effectiveness of the law's measures and to monitor them, with the issuance and publication of periodic reports, including on the internet.[18]

Law No. 12,288/2010 entered into force 90 days after the date of its publication and amended Laws No. 7,716/1989, 9,029/1995, 7,347/1985 and 10,778/2003.[19]

Governance

The law authorizes the federal Executive Branch to establish an intergovernmental forum for the promotion of ethnic equality and provides that the guidelines of the national and regional policies for the promotion of ethnic equality be prepared by a collegiate body that ensures the participation of civil society.[20]

Changes

The Senate's page for the norm lists as later norms related to Law No. 12,288/2010 Decree 8,136/2013 (regulation), Decree 9,427/2018 (related to art. 39), Law 14,553/2023 (additions to arts. 39 and 49) and Decree 11,956/2024 (regulation of art. 10, IV).[21]

Budget and spending

Figures are nominal unless stated otherwise. Announced, authorized, committed, liquidated and paid amounts are different things and appear with the type indicated. In SIOP lines, "paid" means paid within the same fiscal year (arrears settled later are not counted), and one budget action can fund more than one program: the text says when the action is only part of a program.

As to funding, the law provides that the Union's multiyear plans and annual budgets observe the affirmative action policies and that, during the first 5 years, the federal bodies in the areas cited itemize in their budgets their participation in the affirmative action programs; it does not create a specific fund.[22]

Limitations

The CGU recorded that, although membership in Sinapir through public consortia has been provided for since 2013 (art. 26 of Decree 8,136/2013), there was a gap in the regulation of this type of membership.[23]

In the CGU's survey of municipal managers, reported in the evaluation report for fiscal year 2024, among 89 responding municipalities (49 members and 40 non-members of Sinapir), 67.3% of the managers of member municipalities reported progress, and the main obstacles cited by the 40 non-participants were difficulty in creating the racial equality promotion body (20%) and difficulties with the documentation required for membership (10%).[24]

Context

According to Ipea (Políticas Sociais No. 18, 2010), the rural caucus (bancada ruralista) managed to remove from the text of the Statute approved in the Chamber of Deputies the provisions on the regularization of quilombola lands.[25]

Under the 2013 regulation, the membership of states, the Federal District and municipalities in Sinapir requires a racial equality promotion council with equal representation between the public authorities and civil society and a racial equality promotion body in the administrative structure, and the entities may withdraw from the System at any time.[26]

Origin

In the Senate, PLS 213/2003 received opinions from four committees: CAE (rapporteur César Borges, with Amendments 1 to 5), CE (ad hoc rapporteur José Jorge, Amendments 6 and 7), CAS (rapporteur Rodolpho Tourinho, Amendments 8 to 58) and CCJ (rapporteur Rodolpho Tourinho, in the form of a substitute text).[27]

The text approved by the Senate and sent to the Chamber in November 2005 had a chapter "Do Sistema de Cotas" ("On the Quota System"), under which the Public Authority would adopt, in the form of specific legislation and its regulations, measures aimed at implementing affirmative action, intended to ensure that Afro-Brazilians fill minimum quotas of the slots in undergraduate courses at federal public higher education institutions and in Fies contracts.[28]

The text sent by the Senate to the Chamber in 2005 provided, among other percentages, for a minimum reservation of 30% of the candidacy slots of each party or coalition for Afro-Brazilians, an initial target of 20% Afro-Brazilians in DAS commissioned positions, and the presence of Afro-Brazilian people in a proportion of no less than 20% of the actors and extras in films and in the programs of television broadcasters.[29]

In the Chamber of Deputies, the bill went through as PL 6264/2005, introduced on November 25, 2005, with authorship recorded as Federal Senate - Paulo Paim - PT/RS.[30]

With the end of the legislative term on January 31, 2007, PL 6264/2005 went back to awaiting a new special committee, established by Act of the Presidency on March 10, 2008; on March 12, 2008 Deputy Antônio Roberto (PV-MG) was designated rapporteur.[31]

In the supplementary opinion, rapporteur Antônio Roberto recorded that the changes to the substitute text of December 11, 2008 were debated in several meetings until reaching a wording that allowed agreement among the committee members, and listed the removal of articles 16, 20, 36, 48, 49, 52, 53, 59, 63, 64, 70, 71 and 78 of that substitute text.[32]

On November 9, 2009, Official Letter No. 1,228/2009 from the Chamber was read in the Senate, forwarding the Chamber Substitute to PLS 213/2003 (PL 6,264/2005 in the Chamber), registered as SCD 213/2003.[33]

Precursors

In the Chamber, PL 3198/2000 had a special committee, with a rapporteur designated on September 12, 2001 (Deputy Reginaldo Germano), was attached to PL 6912/2002 on June 25, 2002, and was shelved on January 31, 2023 under art. 105 of the Internal Rules, without having become law.[34]

According to Ipea (Políticas Sociais No. 20, 2012), proposals to reserve slots for the Black population were present in the first bill of the Statute, PL 3,198/2000, which proposed a minimum quota of 20% of slots in federal, state and municipal public service exams, in companies with more than 20 employees and in universities, in addition to a reservation of 30% of candidacies for elective offices. According to the same study, over the course of the processing of that bill and its successors these provisions lost strength, until all references to quotas were removed.[35]

Sources and evidence

Excerpts are quoted in the original language of the source.

  1. 1. On September 9, 2009, the Chamber's special committee approved the rapporteur's opinion with a supplementary opinion.

    • Ficha de tramitação do PL 6.264/2005 (Câmara dos Deputados) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: procedural history, September 9, 2009. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “09/09/2009 COMISSÃO ESPECIAL - PL 6264/05 - ESTATUTO DA IGUALDADE RACIAL ( PL626405 ) - 14:00 Reunião Deliberativa Ordinária Aprovado o Parecer com Complementação de Voto.”

  2. 2. Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010 bears at its close the signatures of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Eloi Ferreira de Araújo and was published in the Official Gazette (DOU) of July 21, 2010.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: preamble and art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu sanciono a seguinte Lei: TÍTULO I DISPOSIÇÕES PRELIMINARES Art. 1º Esta Lei institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: closing and publication data. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Brasília, 20 de julho de 2010; 189º da Independência e 122º da República. LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Eloi Ferreira de Araújo Este texto não substitui o original publicado no Diário Oficial da União - Seção 1 de 21/07/2010 Publicação: Diário Oficial da União - Seção 1 - 21/7/2010, Página 1”

  3. 3. In the Chamber of Deputies' data on the norm, Law No. 12,288/2010 has PL 6264/2005 as its originating proposal and its origin in the Legislative Branch.

  4. 4. Law No. 14,553 of April 20, 2023, signed into law by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, amended arts. 39 and 49 of the Statute to require fields identifying ethnicity and race, by self-classification, in administrative employment records, such as hiring and dismissal forms, the Rais and those of the Sine.

    • Lei nº 14.553, de 20 de abril de 2023, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: summary. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Altera os arts. 39 e 49 da Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (Estatuto da Igualdade Racial), para determinar procedimentos e critérios de coleta de informações relativas à distribuição dos segmentos étnicos e raciais no mercado de trabalho.”
    • Lei nº 14.553, de 20 de abril de 2023, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1 (art. 39, § 8 and § 9, I to IV, of Law 12,288/2010). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “§ 8º Os registros administrativos direcionados a órgãos e entidades da Administração Pública, a empregadores privados e a trabalhadores que lhes sejam subordinados conterão campos destinados a identificar o segmento étnico e racial a que pertence o trabalhador retratado no respectivo documento, com utilização do critério da autoclassificação em grupos previamente delimitados.”
    • Lei nº 14.553, de 20 de abril de 2023, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1 (art. 39, § 9, I to IV). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “I - formulários de admissão e demissão no emprego; II - formulários de acidente de trabalho; III - instrumentos de registro do Sistema Nacional de Emprego (Sine), ou de estrutura que venha a suceder-lhe em suas finalidades; IV - Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Rais)”
    • Lei nº 14.553, de 20 de abril de 2023, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: closing. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Brasília, 20 de abril de 2023; 202º da Independência e 135º da República. LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Anielle Francisco da Silva”

  5. 5. Law No. 14,553/2023 originates in the Legislative Branch: originating proposal PL 7720/2010, by Deputy Vicentinho (PT/SP), introduced on August 4, 2010.

  6. 6. According to the CGU, the process for states and municipalities to join Sinapir was regulated by SEPPIR Ordinance No. 8/2014, amended by MIR Ordinance No. 290/2023, and culminates in the publication of the membership agreement in the Official Gazette (DOU).

  7. 7. According to the CGU, a survey by Senapir/MIR with data up to July 22, 2024 indicated that all 26 states, the Federal District and 221 municipalities had joined Sinapir; the CGU considered municipal membership low, out of a total of 5,568 in the country.

  8. 8. According to the CGU, the 2024-2027 PPA set in Program 5804 (Promotion of Ethnic-Racial Equality, Combating and Overcoming Racism) the expansion of Sinapir coverage, with a target of 150 new memberships per year nationwide; the CGU notes that membership by the entities is voluntary.

  9. 9. The CGU concluded, in a 2024 evaluation, that the work of Senapir/MIR in implementing, coordinating and strengthening Sinapir showed significant progress, such as outreach mechanisms, and pointed to opportunities for improvement: expanding training, regulating the membership of municipalities through public consortia, and expanding the Membership Guide.

    • Relatório de Avaliação nº 1566029, Secretaria de Gestão do Sinapir do Ministério da Igualdade Racial, exercício 2024 (30 de setembro de 2024) · Office of the Comptroller General (CGU), Federal Internal Control Secretariat Audit
      Where: summary, conclusions. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Os exames realizados permitiram concluir que a atuação da Senapir no tocante à implementação, à coordenação e ao fortalecimento do Sinapir apresenta avanços significativos, como a criação de mecanismos para divulgação do Sistema. No entanto, foram identificadas oportunidades de melhoria, como a necessidade de ampliar a oferta de capacitações, regulamentar a adesão de municípios por intermédio de consórcios públicos, ampliar o conteúdo do Guia de Adesão ao Sinapir”

  10. 10. On June 7, 2000, then Deputy Paulo Paim (PT/RS) introduced in the Chamber of Deputies PL 3198/2000, which established the Racial Equality Statute, in defense of those who suffer prejudice or discrimination because of their ethnicity, race and/or color.

    • PL 3198/2000, ficha de tramitação · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: identification of the bill. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Autor Paulo Paim - PT/RS Apresentação 07/06/2000 Ementa Institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, em defesa dos que sofrem preconceito ou discriminação em função de sua etnia, raça e/ou cor, e dá outras providências.”

  11. 11. States, the Federal District and municipalities may establish councils for the promotion of ethnic equality, advisory and with equal representation between the public authorities and civil society, and the Executive Branch will prioritize the transfer of resources from the law's programs to the entities that have created these councils.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 50 and sole paragraph. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 50. Os Poderes Executivos estaduais, distrital e municipais, no âmbito das respectivas esferas de competência, poderão instituir conselhos de promoção da igualdade étnica, de caráter permanente e consultivo, compostos por igual número de representantes de órgãos e entidades públicas e de organizações da sociedade civil representativas da população negra. Parágrafo único. O Poder Executivo priorizará o repasse dos recursos referentes aos programas e atividades previstos nesta Lei aos Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios que tenham criado conselhos de promoção da igualdade étnica.”

  12. 12. Decree No. 8,136 of November 5, 2013, signed by Dilma Rousseff and Luiza Helena de Bairros, approved the regulation of Sinapir, in view of art. 47 of Law No. 12,288/2010.

    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: summary (ementa), preamble and art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Aprova o regulamento do Sistema Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial - Sinapir, instituído pela Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010. A PRESIDENTA DA REPÚBLICA , no uso da atribuição que lhe confere o art. 84, caput , inciso VI, da Constituição, e tendo em vista o disposto no art. 47 da Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, DECRETA:”
    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: closing. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Brasília, 5 de novembro de 2013; 192º da Independência e 125º da República. DILMA ROUSSEFF Luiza Helena de Bairros”

  13. 13. Under art. 1, the Statute is intended to guarantee the Black population the realization of equality of opportunities, the defense of individual, collective and diffuse ethnic rights, and the fight against discrimination and other forms of ethnic intolerance.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, caput. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 1º Esta Lei institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, destinado a garantir à população negra a efetivação da igualdade de oportunidades, a defesa dos direitos étnicos individuais, coletivos e difusos e o combate à discriminação e às demais formas de intolerância étnica.”

  14. 14. In education, the enacted law provides that the public authorities will adopt affirmative action programs, without setting a percentage of slots; for commissioned positions, it says that the federal Executive Branch may implement criteria aimed at increasing the participation of Black people.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 15 (Section II, On Education). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 15. O poder público adotará programas de ação afirmativa.”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 42. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 42. O Poder Executivo federal poderá implementar critérios para provimento de cargos em comissão e funções de confiança destinados a ampliar a participação de negros, buscando reproduzir a estrutura da distribuição étnica nacional ou, quando for o caso, estadual, observados os dados demográficos oficiais.”

  15. 15. In the enacted law, the production of films and television and cinema programs must adopt the practice of providing employment opportunities for Black actors, extras and technicians, without the minimum percentage of 20% that appeared in the text sent by the Senate in 2005.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 44. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 44. Na produção de filmes e programas destinados à veiculação pelas emissoras de televisão e em salas cinematográficas, deverá ser adotada a prática de conferir oportunidades de emprego para atores, figurantes e técnicos negros, sendo vedada toda e qualquer discriminação de natureza política, ideológica, étnica ou artística.”
    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: art. 74. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 74. Os filmes e programas veiculados pelas emissoras de televisão deverão apresentar imagens de pessoas afro-brasileiras em proporção não inferior a 20% (vinte por cento) do número total de atores e figurantes.”

  16. 16. Art. 11 makes mandatory, in public and private elementary and high school institutions, the study of the general history of Africa and of the history of the Black population in Brazil, in compliance with Law No. 9,394/1996.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 11, caput. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 11. Nos estabelecimentos de ensino fundamental e de ensino médio, públicos e privados, é obrigatório o estudo da história geral da África e da história da população negra no Brasil, observado o disposto na Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996.”

  17. 17. On quilombos, the enacted law recognizes definitive ownership for the remaining members of quilombo communities who are occupying their lands, with the State required to issue them titles, and orders the federal Executive Branch to adopt special sustainable development policies for these communities, without rules for the titling procedure.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: arts. 31 and 32. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 31. Aos remanescentes das comunidades dos quilombos que estejam ocupando suas terras é reconhecida a propriedade definitiva, devendo o Estado emitir-lhes os títulos respectivos. Art. 32. O Poder Executivo federal elaborará e desenvolverá políticas públicas especiais voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável dos remanescentes das comunidades dos quilombos, respeitando as tradições de proteção ambiental das comunidades.”

  18. 18. The federal Executive Branch must create instruments to measure the social effectiveness of the law's measures and to monitor them, with the issuance and publication of periodic reports, including on the internet.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 59. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 59. O Poder Executivo federal criará instrumentos para aferir a eficácia social das medidas previstas nesta Lei e efetuará seu monitoramento constante, com a emissão e a divulgação de relatórios periódicos, inclusive pela rede mundial de computadores.”

  19. 19. Law No. 12,288/2010 entered into force 90 days after the date of its publication and amended Laws No. 7,716/1989, 9,029/1995, 7,347/1985 and 10,778/2003.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 65. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 65. Esta Lei entra em vigor 90 (noventa) dias após a data de sua publicação.”
    • Lei nº 12.288 de 20/07/2010, página da norma · Federal Senate Official record
      Where: summary. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial; altera as Leis nºs 7.716, de 5 de janeiro de 1989, 9.029, de 13 de abril de 1995, 7.347, de 24 de julho de 1985, e 10.778, de 24 de novembro de 2003.”

  20. 20. The law authorizes the federal Executive Branch to establish an intergovernmental forum for the promotion of ethnic equality and provides that the guidelines of the national and regional policies for the promotion of ethnic equality be prepared by a collegiate body that ensures the participation of civil society.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 49, § 2. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “É o Poder Executivo federal autorizado a instituir fórum intergovernamental de promoção da igualdade étnica, a ser coordenado pelo órgão responsável pelas políticas de promoção da igualdade étnica”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 49, § 3. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “As diretrizes das políticas nacional e regional de promoção da igualdade étnica serão elaboradas por órgão colegiado que assegure a participação da sociedade civil.”

  21. 21. The Senate's page for the norm lists as later norms related to Law No. 12,288/2010 Decree 8,136/2013 (regulation), Decree 9,427/2018 (related to art. 39), Law 14,553/2023 (additions to arts. 39 and 49) and Decree 11,956/2024 (regulation of art. 10, IV).

    • Lei nº 12.288 de 20/07/2010, página da norma · Federal Senate Official record
      Where: later norms. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Decreto nº 8.136 de 05/11/2013 Declaração de Regulamentação Permanente de Norma Publicação Original [Diário Oficial da União de 06/11/2013] (p. 1, col. 2) Decreto nº 9.427 de 28/06/2018 Declaração de Legislação Correlata Publicação Original [Diário Oficial da União de 29/06/2018] (p. 1, col. 3) Art. 39 - Dispositivo Correlato Lei nº 14.553 de 20/04/2023 Declaração de Alteração Permanente”
    • Lei nº 12.288 de 20/07/2010, página da norma · Federal Senate Official record
      Where: later norms (continued). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 39, § 8 - Acréscimo Art. 39, § 9 - Acréscimo Art. 49, § 4 - Acréscimo Decreto nº 11.956 de 21/03/2024 Declaração de Regulamentação Permanente de Norma Publicação Original [Diário Oficial da União de 22/03/2024] (p. 3, col. 1) Art. 10, caput, Inciso 4 - Regulamentado”

  22. 22. As to funding, the law provides that the Union's multiyear plans and annual budgets observe the affirmative action policies and that, during the first 5 years, the federal bodies in the areas cited itemize in their budgets their participation in the affirmative action programs; it does not create a specific fund.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 56, caput. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 56. Na implementação dos programas e das ações constantes dos planos plurianuais e dos orçamentos anuais da União, deverão ser observadas as políticas de ação afirmativa a que se refere o inciso VII do art. 4º desta Lei”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: art. 56, § 2. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Durante os 5 (cinco) primeiros anos, a contar do exercício subsequente à publicação deste Estatuto, os órgãos do Poder Executivo federal que desenvolvem políticas e programas nas áreas referidas no § 1º deste artigo discriminarão em seus orçamentos anuais a participação nos programas de ação afirmativa referidos no inciso VII do art. 4º desta Lei.”

  23. 23. The CGU recorded that, although membership in Sinapir through public consortia has been provided for since 2013 (art. 26 of Decree 8,136/2013), there was a gap in the regulation of this type of membership.

  24. 24. In the CGU's survey of municipal managers, reported in the evaluation report for fiscal year 2024, among 89 responding municipalities (49 members and 40 non-members of Sinapir), 67.3% of the managers of member municipalities reported progress, and the main obstacles cited by the 40 non-participants were difficulty in creating the racial equality promotion body (20%) and difficulties with the documentation required for membership (10%).

  25. 25. According to Ipea (Políticas Sociais No. 18, 2010), the rural caucus (bancada ruralista) managed to remove from the text of the Statute approved in the Chamber of Deputies the provisions on the regularization of quilombola lands.

    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise nº 18 (Ipea, 2010), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: section on quilombola communities. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Outro fator negativo para a luta quilombola é o fato de a bancada ruralista ter conseguido suprimir do texto do Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, aprovado na Câmara dos Deputados, as disposições relativas à regularização das terras quilombolas.”

  26. 26. Under the 2013 regulation, the membership of states, the Federal District and municipalities in Sinapir requires a racial equality promotion council with equal representation between the public authorities and civil society and a racial equality promotion body in the administrative structure, and the entities may withdraw from the System at any time.

    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: Annex, art. 12. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 12. São requisitos para adesão de Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios ao Sinapir: I - instituição e funcionamento de conselho voltado para a promoção da igualdade racial, composto por igual número de representantes de órgãos e entidades públicas e de organizações da sociedade civil; e II - instituição e funcionamento de órgão de promoção da igualdade racial na estrutura administrativa.”
    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013, publicação original · Chamber of Deputies (Computerized Legislation) Official legal act
      Where: Annex, art. 16, sole paragraph. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Parágrafo único. A qualquer momento os entes federados poderão retirar-se do Sistema.”

  27. 27. In the Senate, PLS 213/2003 received opinions from four committees: CAE (rapporteur César Borges, with Amendments 1 to 5), CE (ad hoc rapporteur José Jorge, Amendments 6 and 7), CAS (rapporteur Rodolpho Tourinho, Amendments 8 to 58) and CCJ (rapporteur Rodolpho Tourinho, in the form of a substitute text).

    • PLS 213/2003, página da matéria · Federal Senate Official record
      Where: procedural history, reading of the opinions on the floor (November 16, 2005). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Nº 1.950, de 2005 - CAE, Relator Senador César Borges, favorável com apresentação das Emendas nºs 1 a 5, - CAE. Nº 1.951, de 2005 - CE, Relator "ad hoc" Senador José Jorge, pela aprovação da matéria, contempladas as Emendas nºs 6 e 7, - CE. Nº 1.952, de 2005 - CAS, Relator Senador Rodolpho Tourinho, pela aprovação da matéria com as Emendas propostas nºs 8 a 58, - CAS. Nº 1.953, de 2005 - CCJ, Relator Senador Rodolpho Tourinho, pela aprovação da matéria na forma do substitutivo.”

  28. 28. The text approved by the Senate and sent to the Chamber in November 2005 had a chapter "Do Sistema de Cotas" ("On the Quota System"), under which the Public Authority would adopt, in the form of specific legislation and its regulations, measures aimed at implementing affirmative action, intended to ensure that Afro-Brazilians fill minimum quotas of the slots in undergraduate courses at federal public higher education institutions and in Fies contracts.

    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: Chapter VIII, art. 70, pp. 16 to 17. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “CAPÍTULO VIII DO SISTEMA DE COTAS Art. 70. O Poder Público adotará, na forma de legislação específica e seus regulamentos, medidas destinadas à implementação de ações afirmativas, voltadas a assegurar o preenchimento por afro-brasileiros de cotas mínimas das vagas relativas: I – aos cursos de graduação em todas as instituições públicas federais de educação superior do território nacional;”
    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: art. 70, item II, p. 17. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “II – aos contratos do Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior (Fies).”

  29. 29. The text sent by the Senate to the Chamber in 2005 provided, among other percentages, for a minimum reservation of 30% of the candidacy slots of each party or coalition for Afro-Brazilians, an initial target of 20% Afro-Brazilians in DAS commissioned positions, and the presence of Afro-Brazilian people in a proportion of no less than 20% of the actors and extras in films and in the programs of television broadcasters.

    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: art. 71 (§ 3-A of art. 10 of Law 9,504/1997). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “cada partido ou coligação deverá reservar o mínimo de 30% (trinta por cento) para candidaturas de afro-brasileiros.”
    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: art. 65, item II. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “observará a meta inicial de 20% (vinte por cento) de afro-brasileiros, que será ampliada gradativamente até lograr a correspondência com a estrutura da distribuição racial nacional ou, quando for o caso, estadual, observados os dados demográficos oficiais.”
    • PL 6264/2005, texto inicial (autógrafo do Senado Federal) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: art. 74. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 74. Os filmes e programas veiculados pelas emissoras de televisão deverão apresentar imagens de pessoas afro-brasileiras em proporção não inferior a 20% (vinte por cento) do número total de atores e figurantes.”

  30. 30. In the Chamber of Deputies, the bill went through as PL 6264/2005, introduced on November 25, 2005, with authorship recorded as Federal Senate - Paulo Paim - PT/RS.

  31. 31. With the end of the legislative term on January 31, 2007, PL 6264/2005 went back to awaiting a new special committee, established by Act of the Presidency on March 10, 2008; on March 12, 2008 Deputy Antônio Roberto (PV-MG) was designated rapporteur.

    • Ficha de tramitação do PL 6.264/2005 (Câmara dos Deputados) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: procedural history, January 31, 2007 to March 12, 2008. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “31/01/2007 Mesa Diretora ( MESA ) Término da Legislatura. Proposição volta a aguardar criação de nova Comissão Especial. 09/11/2007 Plenário ( PLEN ) Ato da Presidência : Cria Comissão Especial, nos termos do inciso II do art. 34 do Regimento Interno. Inteiro teor 10/03/2008 Plenário ( PLEN ) Ato da Presidência : Constitui Comissão Especial, nos termos do inciso II do art. 34 do Regimento Interno.”
    • Ficha de tramitação do PL 6.264/2005 (Câmara dos Deputados) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: procedural history, March 12, 2008. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “12/03/2008 COMISSÃO ESPECIAL - PL 6264/05 - ESTATUTO DA IGUALDADE RACIAL ( PL626405 ) Recebimento pela PL626405. Designado Relator, Dep. Antônio Roberto (PV-MG)”

  32. 32. In the supplementary opinion, rapporteur Antônio Roberto recorded that the changes to the substitute text of December 11, 2008 were debated in several meetings until reaching a wording that allowed agreement among the committee members, and listed the removal of articles 16, 20, 36, 48, 49, 52, 53, 59, 63, 64, 70, 71 and 78 of that substitute text.

    • Complementação de voto do relator ao PL 6.264/2005 (Comissão Especial) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: p. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “A discussão, ao longo de várias reuniões desta Comissão Especial, da matéria contida no Substitutivo apresentado em 11 de dezembro de 2008 ao Projeto de Lei nº 6.264, de 2005, levou a que alterações fossem sucessivamente trazidas a debate até se chegar a uma redação que permitisse o acordo entre os membros do colegiado.”
    • Complementação de voto do relator ao PL 6.264/2005 (Comissão Especial) · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: p. 2, item 3. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “3) Retirada dos artigos 16, 20, 36, 48, 49, 52, 53, 59, 63, 64, 70, 71 e 78. Com isso, os demais dispositivos, a partir do atual art. 16, resultaram renumerados.”

  33. 33. On November 9, 2009, Official Letter No. 1,228/2009 from the Chamber was read in the Senate, forwarding the Chamber Substitute to PLS 213/2003 (PL 6,264/2005 in the Chamber), registered as SCD 213/2003.

    • SCD 213/2003, página da matéria · Federal Senate Official record
      Where: Documents, initial separate sheet of the matter (November 9, 2009). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Identificação: Avulso inicial da matéria Data: 09/11/2009 Local: SUBSECRETARIA DE ATA - PLENÁRIO Ação Legislativa: Leitura do Ofício nº 1.228, de 2009, do Primeiro Secretário da Câmara dos Deputados, de 3 do corrente, encaminhando o Substitutivo da Câmara ao Projeto de Lei do Senado nº 213, de 2003 (nº 6.264/2005, naquela Casa).”

  34. 34. In the Chamber, PL 3198/2000 had a special committee, with a rapporteur designated on September 12, 2001 (Deputy Reginaldo Germano), was attached to PL 6912/2002 on June 25, 2002, and was shelved on January 31, 2023 under art. 105 of the Internal Rules, without having become law.

    • PL 3198/2000, ficha de tramitação · Chamber of Deputies Official record
      Where: procedural history, September 12, 2001 to January 31, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “12/09/2001 COMISSÃO ESPECIAL - PL 3198/00 - ESTATUTO DA IGUALDADE RACIAL ( PL319800 ) Designado Relator: Dep. Reginaldo Germano 01/04/2002 Mesa Diretora ( MESA ) Apense-se a esta o PL-6214/2002.(DESPACHO INICIAL) 25/06/2002 Mesa Diretora ( MESA ) Apense-se ao PL-6912/2002. 31/01/2023 Mesa Diretora ( MESA ) Arquivado nos termos do Artigo 105 do Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados.”

  35. 35. According to Ipea (Políticas Sociais No. 20, 2012), proposals to reserve slots for the Black population were present in the first bill of the Statute, PL 3,198/2000, which proposed a minimum quota of 20% of slots in federal, state and municipal public service exams, in companies with more than 20 employees and in universities, in addition to a reservation of 30% of candidacies for elective offices. According to the same study, over the course of the processing of that bill and its successors these provisions lost strength, until all references to quotas were removed.

    • Igualdade racial. Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise n. 20 (2012) · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: section on reserved slots in the public service. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Propostas de reserva de vagas para a população negra estavam presentes no primeiro PL do Estatuto da Igualdade Racial. Apresentado em 2000, o PL no 3.198/2000 propunha a implementação de cotas raciais em vários campos: cota mínima de 20% de vagas nos concursos públicos em nível federal, estadual e municipal; nas empresas com mais de 20 empregados; nas universidades; além de reserva de vagas de 30% para candidaturas a cargos eletivos”
    • Igualdade racial. Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise n. 20 (2012) · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: section 3.1.4, Reserved slots for Black people in the public service. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Ao longo da tramitação desse PL e de seus sucedâneos, e durante o embate político que circundou o tema, essas indicações perderam força, até serem supri­ midas todas as referências a cotas.”

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