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Program

National Program for the Universalization of Access to and Use of Electric Power (Luz para Todos, Light for All)

Problem
Rural population without access to electric power.
Who it serves
Rural population without access to the service; since Decree 11,628/2023, also the population living in remote regions of the Legal Amazon without access.
How it works
Electric power service coordinated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, established by Decree 4,873/2003 and established anew for 2011 to 2014 by Decree 7,520/2011, of Dilma Rousseff; under Decree 11,628/2023, primarily through extension of distribution networks in rural areas and through isolated generation systems in remote regions of the Legal Amazon, funded by the CDE, by electricity sector agents and by other sources authorized by law. The CDE was created by Law No. 10,438/2002, signed into law by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, also to promote universalization of the service. According to the MME, under Luz no Campo, of 1999, the farmer bore the cost of the connection, financed by the program, and under Luz para Todos the installation would be free of charge.

EnergyInfrastructure

Relation to the Lula governments

Created under Lula · First term (2003 to 2006) · since November 2003

Luz para Todos was established by Decree No. 4,873 of November 11, 2003, signed by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Vana Roussef (spelling as in the published text), to provide, by 2008, electric power service to the rural population without access.[1]

Decree 4,873/2003 established that the structure of the Program will be composed of the National Universalization Commission, coordinated by the Minister of State for Mines and Energy, a National Universalization Steering Committee, and State Steering Committees which, together, will ensure shared management of the Program.[2]

Continued under Lula · Second term (2007 to 2010) · since 2008

Decree No. 6,442 of 2008 gave new wording to art. 1 of Decree 4,873, extending the program's deadline to the year 2010.[3]

Reshaped under Lula · Third term (since 2023) · since August 2023

Decree No. 11,628 of August 4, 2023, signed by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, provides for Luz para Todos, whose purpose is to provide electric power service to the rural population and to the population living in remote regions of the Legal Amazon who do not have access to the public electricity distribution service, and revokes Decrees 7,520/2011, 9,357/2018, 10,221/2020 and 11,111/2022, as well as art. 38 of Decree 9,022/2017.[4]

Origin and precursors

Origin milestone: founding legal act, First term (2003 to 2006).

Luz para Todos was established by Decree No. 4,873 of November 11, 2003, signed by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Vana Roussef (spelling as in the published text), to provide, by 2008, electric power service to the rural population without access.[1]

Precursors

  • Luz no Campo Program (1999) similar initiative, no succession stated by the source According to an MME publication, in 1999 the Luz no Campo Program was created, by presidential decree, with the goal of bringing electric power to 1 million rural households in four years; the interested farmer had to bear the entire burden, from building the power line to the residential installation, an investment that was financed by the Program, with a period for the debtor to pay off the debt.[5]
  • Rural electrification initiatives of 1968 and 1991 similar initiative, no succession stated by the source The MME reports earlier rural electrification initiatives: Decree No. 62,655 of May 3, 1968, which allowed private-use rural electrification services to be carried out by individuals or legal entities, and an attempt by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1991, which failed.[6]
  • Law 10,438/2002 (CDE and universalization targets) earlier legal basis Law No. 10,438 of April 26, 2002, signed into law by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, created the Energy Development Account (CDE), also intended to promote universalization of electric power service, and determined that Aneel set for each distribution concessionaire and licensee progressively larger areas where connections must be provided at no charge to the requester.[7]
  • Law 10,762/2003 (priorities in universalization) earlier legal basis Paragraph 12 of art. 14 of Law 10,438/2002, added by Law No. 10,762 of November 11, 2003, determines that, in the process of universalizing public electric power services in rural areas, priority will be given to municipalities with a household service rate below eighty-five percent, calculated based on IBGE 2000 Census data, and a portion of the investments may be subsidized with funds from the Global Reversion Reserve and the Energy Development Account (CDE), under the terms of the regulations.[8]
  • Aneel Resolution 223/2003 earlier technical basis According to the MME, under Aneel Resolution No. 223 of April 29, 2003, concessionaires would have until December 2015 to serve all households without access; the MME states that Luz para Todos, with subsidized funds and financing, would bring forward universalization.[9]

Precursor investigation: new structure established (October 13, 2026).

Scope: Rules and statements of reasons at the Planalto, publications of the ministries and oversight bodies, searches recorded in the dossier (research of October 13, 2026). The 2003 decree neither revokes nor mentions Luz no Campo; part of the legal basis predates it (FHC government).

Responsibilities

  • Ministry of Mines and Energy and Eletrobras federal management

    Under Decree 4,873/2003, the program is coordinated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and operated with the participation of Eletrobrás and the companies of the Eletrobrás system; the MME is responsible for issuing the operational manual and establishing the steering committees.[10]

  • CDE, RGR, electricity sector agents, states and municipalities funding

    Under Decree 4,873/2003, funding comes from the CDE (Law 10,438/2002), the RGR (Law 5,655/1971), electricity sector agents and the participation of states and municipalities; the composition of the State Steering Committees is defined jointly with the state governments.[11]

  • State governments, concessionaires and cooperatives partnership

    According to the MME, coordination is the responsibility of the MME and operation that of Eletrobrás, with partnerships with state governments, power concessionaires and rural electrification cooperatives; the declared budget was R$20 billion, of which R$14.3 billion federal, with the remainder shared among state governments, concessionaires and cooperatives.[12]

Timeline

Timeline of National Program for the Universalization of Access to and Use of Electric Power (Luz para Todos, Light for All)
DatePhaseWhat happened
November 11, 2003Legal actDecree 4,873 establishes the program.[1]
July 8, 2011RelaunchDecree 7,520 establishes the program for 2011 to 2014 (Dilma government, context).[13]
August 4, 2023Legal actDecree 11,628 broadens the program's purpose.[4]

What was established

The MME states that the program, although a government action, stems from a State action aimed at the universalization of the public electric power service; Decree 4,873 invokes Law No. 10,438 of April 26, 2002.[14]

According to the MME, unlike earlier electrification programs, which required a financial contribution from the beneficiary, under Luz para Todos the electrical installation, including the service entrance panel, would be free of charge; the consumer would pay only for consumption.[15]

Decree 4,873/2003 set priorities, among them projects in municipalities with a service rate below eighty-five percent, according to the 2000 Census, in public schools, health posts and community water wells, in rural settlements and for family farming, and allowed conventional networks and decentralized generation systems.[16]

How it works

Under Decree No. 11,628/2023, service in rural areas is provided primarily through extension of distribution networks, and in remote regions of the Legal Amazon through isolated generation systems, with solutions involving renewable sources. Funding comes from electricity sector agents, the Energy Development Account (CDE) and other sources authorized by law. The contracts for rural areas had a deadline for the application of funds limited to December 31, 2026, extended to December 31, 2028 in wording given by Law No. 12,964 of 2026; for remote regions, the deadline is December 31, 2028.[17]

The Operational Manual approved by Ordinance GM/MME No. 801 of September 18, 2024, directs the implementing agent to install in households the service entrance panel and an internal installation kit with one light point per room up to a limit of three, two outlets and low-consumption lamps. The implementing agent's counterpart contribution and the CDE's percentage share in each contract are defined between the MME and the implementing agent in the Commitment Agreement (Termo de Compromisso).[18]

According to the MME book, each party's share was defined in a Commitment Agreement (Termo de Compromisso), and the non-repayable portion varied according to the tariff impact. In Espírito Santo, the federal subsidy was 10%, the state subsidy 10%, the federal financing 65% and the counterpart of the implementing agents 15%. In Amazonas, Acre and Roraima, the non-repayable portion was 80% from the federal government and 10% from the state governments, with 10% as counterpart from the concessionaires.[19]

Who it serves

Under Decree No. 11,628/2023, the beneficiaries are families, collective spaces, support facilities and facilities for local socioeconomic development, and other consumer units located in rural areas; located in remote regions of the Legal Amazon that do not have access to the public electric power service; and located in remote regions of the Legal Amazon currently served by electricity generated from a nonrenewable source. Priorities include, among others, low-income families, families registered in the CadÚnico, Indigenous communities, quilombola communities, rural settlements, schools, health facilities and community water wells. Decree No. 12,964 of May 8, 2026, signed by Lula, added as priorities families headed by women registered in the Cadastro Único for Social Programs of the Federal Government and families with persons with disabilities, dependent elderly people or among whose residents is someone who receives the continuing cash benefit of social assistance (benefício de prestação continuada), and included among the priority communities riverside and extractivist communities, other traditional peoples and family farmers.[20]

Budget and spending

Figures are nominal unless stated otherwise. Announced, authorized, committed, liquidated and paid amounts are different things and appear with the type indicated. In SIOP lines, "paid" means paid within the same fiscal year (arrears settled later are not counted), and one budget action can fund more than one program: the text says when the action is only part of a program.

According to the MME book, referring to the cumulative total through May 2009, the planned budget was R$20 billion, of which R$14 billion federal; the federal government had contracted R$9.7 billion and released R$6.9 billion. These are declared, nominal values, accumulated since the start of the program.[21]

The 2024 annual budget of the CDE, approved by Aneel in Homologating Resolution No. 3,426 of December 10, 2024, in the amount of R$37,167,665,231.64, provided R$2,503 million for the Universalization - PLpT and Installation Kit line item, compared with R$1,140 million in 2022 and R$1,624 million in 2023, a change of 54.1% over 2023, according to Table 1 of the rapporteur's vote (CDE Annual Budget 2022-2024). These are budgeted amounts in the sector fund, not execution.[22]

In the 2014 Expenditure Budget file of the Transparency Portal, action 0EA2, Participation of the Union in the Capital of Eletrobras, Expansion of the Rural Electric Power Distribution Network, Luz para Todos (National), appears in fiscal year 2014 with an initial and updated budget of 5305000.00 and committed and realized amounts of 0.00 (nominal values, in reais).[23]

Deliverables

Announcement, contracting, completion and operation are different phases.

According to the MME book, the service delivered through May 2009 was 2 million connections, benefiting 10 million people (cumulative).[24]

The MME stated that in 2023 the program served 64.5 thousand families (annual flow), with investments of R$1.4 billion from the CDE (nominal). In August 2025, the government declared 123.2 thousand new connections between 2023 and 2025 (cumulative for the period), providing electricity to about 500 thousand people, and, since 2003, more than 3.7 million families and about 17.7 million people served, with investments totaling R$27 billion (cumulative, nominal). The MME page records 3.6 million households and 17.2 million people in the program's 20 years, as of November 11, 2023.[25]

According to the TCU (2012 Government Accounts record), the initial goal of Luz para Todos, to bring electric power to two million homes by 2008, was met in May 2009, benefiting about ten million people; by July 2011, when the first stage ended, about 2.8 million consumer units had been served (cumulative).[26]

Impact evaluations

Evaluations with a causal design are flagged; association is not proof of effect.

According to the study by Ribeiro, Teixeira and Soares published in the Ipea journal Planejamento e Políticas Públicas (No. 49, Jul./Dec. 2017), which applies the difference-in-differences estimator to data from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses, Luz para Todos had positive effects on the average earnings of workers over 18, on the average schooling of people aged 25 or older and on the literacy rate of the municipalities potentially most served by the program.[27]

Audits

According to the TCU (2012 Government Accounts), from 2004 to the end of 2012, almost three million connections were completed under the Luz para Todos Program, at a total cost of R$11.8 billion, and works worth approximately R$14.4 billion have already been contracted. Of the target of 715,939 connections, part of PAC-2 (2011 to 2014), 367,993 connections were made between 2011 and 2012; in 2012, 120,131 electrical installations were completed, and the TCU records that 55% of the target set for the year was carried out.[28]

In Ruling 371/2011-Plenary (operational audit of Luz para Todos), the TCU found that the program data used in the annual tariff adjustment were not sufficiently monitored by Aneel, which affected the reliability of the information and increased the risk of an undue tariff impact.[29]

In Ruling 3299/2014-Plenary (Fiscobras 2012, thematic audit of Luz para Todos), the TCU recorded that there was practically no competition in the 104 lots put out to bid: in 79% of the bidding processes only one valid proposal was submitted, in 11% there were only two qualified bidders, and the overall discount was only 2%.[30]

Limitations

According to Ruling 371/2011-Plenary of the TCU, of the target of about 2.9 million consumer units, approximately 336 thousand remained to be served by December 2011, and the MME reported additional demand of 495 thousand new connections (estimated investment of R$5.5 billion), for a total of 831 thousand pending connections, about 28% of the initial target.[31]

Precursors

According to the MME, the Luz no Campo Program emerged in 1999, by presidential decree, with the goal of bringing electric power to 1 million rural households in four years; the interested farmer had to bear the entire burden, from building the power line to the residential installation, with the investment financed by the program and a period to pay off the debt. Also according to the MME, the program did not reach states such as Amazonas, Amapá and Maranhão, and the cost of the connection was incompatible with the income profile of the families who most needed electric power.[32]

On November 12, 2003, according to Agência Senado, Senator Rodolpho Tourinho (PFL-BA) asked why the name of a program already under way (Luz no Campo), launched in 1999 by the previous government, was being changed to Luz para Todos, and Senator José Jorge (PFL-PE) said the government was continuing an existing program under a new name. This is the opinion of legislators, not proof of succession.[33]

Sources and evidence

Excerpts are quoted in the original language of the source.

  1. 1. Luz para Todos was established by Decree No. 4,873 of November 11, 2003, signed by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Vana Roussef (spelling as in the published text), to provide, by 2008, electric power service to the rural population without access.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1 (original wording, struck through on the Planalto site). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 1º Fica instituído o Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - "LUZ PARA TODOS", destinado a propiciar, até o ano de 2008, o atendimento em energia elétrica à parcela da população do meio rural brasileiro que ainda não possui acesso a esse serviço público.”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: closing and signatures. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Brasília, 11 de novembro de 2003; 182º da Independência e 115º da República. LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Dilma Vana Roussef”

  2. 2. Decree 4,873/2003 established that the structure of the Program will be composed of the National Universalization Commission, coordinated by the Minister of State for Mines and Energy, a National Universalization Steering Committee, and State Steering Committees which, together, will ensure shared management of the Program.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 4, caput. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 4º A estrutura do Programa "LUZ PARA TODOS" será composta pela Comissão Nacional de Universalização, por um Comitê Gestor Nacional de Universalização, e por Comitês Gestores Estaduais que, em conjunto, garantirão a gestão compartilhada do Programa.”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 4, § 1, item I. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “I - Ministro de Estado de Minas e Energia, que o coordenará;”

  3. 3. Decree No. 6,442 of 2008 gave new wording to art. 1 of Decree 4,873, extending the program's deadline to the year 2010.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, main provision and § 1 (wording given by Decrees 6,442/2008 and 7,324/2010). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “destinado a propiciar, até o ano de 2008, o atendimento em energia elétrica à parcela da população do meio rural brasileiro que ainda não possui acesso a esse serviço público. Art. 1º Fica instituído o Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - "LUZ PARA TODOS", destinado a propiciar, até o ano de 2010, o atendimento em energia elétrica à parcela da população do meio rural brasileiro que ainda não possui acesso a esse serviço público. (Redação dada pelo Decreto nº 6442, de 2008) Parágrafo único. O Ministério de Minas e Energia definirá as metas e os prazos de encerramento do Programa, em cada Estado ou por área de concessão, respeitado a data estabelecida no caput. (Incluído pelo Decreto nº 6442, de 2008) § 1º Fica prorrogado o prazo de execução do Programa “LUZ PARA TODOS” até 31 de dezembro de 2011,”

  4. 4. Decree No. 11,628 of August 4, 2023, signed by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, provides for Luz para Todos, whose purpose is to provide electric power service to the rural population and to the population living in remote regions of the Legal Amazon who do not have access to the public electricity distribution service, and revokes Decrees 7,520/2011, 9,357/2018, 10,221/2020 and 11,111/2022, as well as art. 38 of Decree 9,022/2017.

    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, caput. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 1º O Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - Luz para Todos tem por finalidade fornecer o atendimento com energia elétrica à população do meio rural e à população residente em regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal que não possuem acesso ao serviço público”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 21; closing. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Ficam revogados: I o Decreto nº 7.520, de 2011; II - o art. 38 do Decreto nº 9.022, de 2017; III o Decreto nº 9.357, de 27 de abril de 2018; IV o Decreto nº 10.221, de 2020; e V o Decreto nº 11.111, de 29 de junho de 2022. [...] LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, main provision (full text). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 1º O Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - Luz para Todos tem por finalidade fornecer o atendimento com energia elétrica à população do meio rural e à população residente em regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal que não possuem acesso ao serviço público de distribuição de energia elétrica.”

  5. 5. According to an MME publication, in 1999 the Luz no Campo Program was created, by presidential decree, with the goal of bringing electric power to 1 million rural households in four years; the interested farmer had to bear the entire burden, from building the power line to the residential installation, an investment that was financed by the Program, with a period for the debtor to pay off the debt.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 12. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Em 1999, surge o Programa Luz no Campo por meio de decreto presidencial. O Programa tinha por objetivo levar energia elétrica a 1 milhão de domicílios rurais, no prazo de quatro anos. Mas havia um empecilho: o agricultor interessado em ter acesso à energia elétrica deveria arcar com todo o ônus”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 12, same paragraph as the excerpt already cited. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “deveria arcar com todo o ônus, desde a construção da rede elétrica até a instalação residencial. O investimento era financiado pelo Programa, e o devedor dispunha de um prazo para quitar a dívida.”

  6. 6. The MME reports earlier rural electrification initiatives: Decree No. 62,655 of May 3, 1968, which allowed private-use rural electrification services to be carried out by individuals or legal entities, and an attempt by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1991, which failed.

  7. 7. Law No. 10,438 of April 26, 2002, signed into law by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, created the Energy Development Account (CDE), also intended to promote universalization of electric power service, and determined that Aneel set for each distribution concessionaire and licensee progressively larger areas where connections must be provided at no charge to the requester.

    • Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 13, main provision (original wording). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 13. Fica criada a Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético – CDE, visando o desenvolvimento energético dos Estados e a competitividade da energia produzida a partir de fontes eólica, pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, biomassa, gás natural e carvão mineral nacional, nas áreas atendidas pelos sistemas interligados e promover a universalização do serviço de energia elétrica em todo o território nacional”
    • Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 14, main provision and item I (original wording). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 14. No estabelecimento das metas de universalização do uso da energia elétrica, a Aneel fixará, para cada concessionária e permissionária de serviço público de distribuição de energia elétrica: I - áreas, progressivamente crescentes, em torno das redes de distribuição, no interior das quais a ligação ou aumento de carga de consumidores deverá ser atendida sem ônus de qualquer espécie para o solicitante;”
    • Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: closing. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Brasília, 26 de abril de 2002; 181 o da Independência e 114 o da República. FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO”

  8. 8. Paragraph 12 of art. 14 of Law 10,438/2002, added by Law No. 10,762 of November 11, 2003, determines that, in the process of universalizing public electric power services in rural areas, priority will be given to municipalities with a household service rate below eighty-five percent, calculated based on IBGE 2000 Census data, and a portion of the investments may be subsidized with funds from the Global Reversion Reserve and the Energy Development Account (CDE), under the terms of the regulations.

    • Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 14, § 12. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “§ 12. No processo de universalização dos serviços públicos de energia elétrica no meio rural, serão priorizados os municípios com índice de atendimento aos domicílios inferior a oitenta e cinco por cento, calculados com base nos dados do Censo 2000 do IBGE, podendo ser subvencionada parcela dos investimentos com recurso da Reserva Global de Reversão, instituída pela Lei n o 5.655, de 20 de maio de 1971 e da Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético - CDE, de que trata o art. 13 desta Lei, nos termos da regulamentação. (Incluído pela Lei nº 10.762, de 11.11.2003)”

  9. 9. According to the MME, under Aneel Resolution No. 223 of April 29, 2003, concessionaires would have until December 2015 to serve all households without access; the MME states that Luz para Todos, with subsidized funds and financing, would bring forward universalization.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 20. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Graças ao aporte de recursos subvencionados e os financiamentos com taxas de juros bem abaixo do mercado, proporcionados pelo Luz para Todos, o governo federal antecipará a universalização da energia elétrica no País. Em conformidade com a Resolução Aneel nº 223, de 29 de abril de 2003, as concessionárias de energia teriam até dezembro de 2015 para atender a todos os domicílios sem acesso a esse serviço público.”

  10. 10. Under Decree 4,873/2003, the program is coordinated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and operated with the participation of Eletrobrás and the companies of the Eletrobrás system; the MME is responsible for issuing the operational manual and establishing the steering committees.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 3º O Programa "LUZ PARA TODOS" será coordenado pelo Ministério de Minas e Energia e operacionalizado com a participação das Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. - ELETROBRÁS e das empresas que compõem o sistema ELETROBRÁS.”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 7. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 7º O Ministério de Minas e Energia deverá, no prazo de trinta dias, editar o manual de operacionalização do Programa e demais normas pertinentes à sua execução.”

  11. 11. Under Decree 4,873/2003, funding comes from the CDE (Law 10,438/2002), the RGR (Law 5,655/1971), electricity sector agents and the participation of states and municipalities; the composition of the State Steering Committees is defined jointly with the state governments.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 2. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 2º Os recursos necessários para o custeio do Programa serão oriundos da Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético - CDE, instituída como subvenção econômica pela Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002, da Reserva Global de Reversão - RGR, instituída pela Lei nº 5.655, de 20 de maio de 1971, de agentes do setor elétrico, da participação dos Estados, Municípios e outros destinados ao Programa.”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 4, § 4. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “§ 4º A composição dos Comitês Gestores de que trata o § 3º será estabelecida em conjunto com os respectivos Governos estaduais.”

  12. 12. According to the MME, coordination is the responsibility of the MME and operation that of Eletrobrás, with partnerships with state governments, power concessionaires and rural electrification cooperatives; the declared budget was R$20 billion, of which R$14.3 billion federal, with the remainder shared among state governments, concessionaires and cooperatives.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 18. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “A coordenação do Programa está a cargo do Ministério de Minas e Energia e a operacionalização pela Eletrobrás. Para sua implementação, era necessário formar parcerias. E estas foram feitas com os governos estaduais e as concessionárias de energia e cooperativas de eletrificação rural espalhadas por todo o País.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 20. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “O Programa está orçado atualmente em R$ 20 bilhões, dos quais R$ 14,3 bilhões são recursos do governo federal. O restante está sendo partilhado entre governos estaduais, concessionárias e cooperativas de eletrificação.”

  13. 13. Decree No. 7,520 of July 8, 2011, signed by Dilma Rousseff, established Luz para Todos for the period 2011 to 2014. It is context from the Dilma government.

    • Decreto nº 7.520, de 8 de julho de 2011 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: summary; closing. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Institui o Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - LUZ PARA TODOS, para o período de 2011 a 2014, e dá outras providências. [...] Brasília, 8 de julho de 2011; 190º da Independência e 123º da República. DILMA ROUSSEFF Edison LObão”

  14. 14. The MME states that the program, although a government action, stems from a State action aimed at the universalization of the public electric power service; Decree 4,873 invokes Law No. 10,438 of April 26, 2002.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 20. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “O Programa Luz para Todos foi instituído pelo Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 e prorrogado pelo Decreto nº 6.442, de 25 de abril de 2008. Embora seja uma ação de governo, o Programa decorre de uma ação de Estado voltado para a universalização do serviço público de energia elétrica”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: preamble. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “tendo em vista o disposto nos arts. 13, inciso V, e 14, § 12, da Lei nº 10.438, de 26 de abril de 2002, DECRETA:”

  15. 15. According to the MME, unlike earlier electrification programs, which required a financial contribution from the beneficiary, under Luz para Todos the electrical installation, including the service entrance panel, would be free of charge; the consumer would pay only for consumption.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 18. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Diferentemente dos programas de eletrificação anteriores, que exigiam uma contrapartida financeira do beneficiado – o que restringia o acesso das famílias à energia -, o Governo Federal determinou que, para o Luz para Todos, a instalação elétrica, incluindo o padrão de entrada, seria gratuita. O consumidor pagaria apenas pelo seu consumo, registrado em conta de luz, como todo cidadão brasileiro.”

  16. 16. Decree 4,873/2003 set priorities, among them projects in municipalities with a service rate below eighty-five percent, according to the 2000 Census, in public schools, health posts and community water wells, in rural settlements and for family farming, and allowed conventional networks and decentralized generation systems.

    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 5, items I, IV, V and VI. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “I - projetos em Municípios com índice de atendimento inferior a oitenta e cinco por cento, segundo dados do Censo 2000;”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 5, items IV to VI. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “IV - projetos de eletrificação rural em escolas públicas, postos de saúde e poços de abastecimento d'água; V - projetos de eletrificação rural que visem atender assentamentos rurais; e VI - projetos de eletrificação para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar.”
    • Decreto nº 4.873, de 11 de novembro de 2003 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 6. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Serão contempladas como alternativa de atendimento da execução do Programa "LUZ PARA TODOS", a extensão de redes convencionais e ainda os sistemas de geração descentralizados, com redes isoladas ou sistemas individuais”

  17. 17. Under Decree No. 11,628/2023, service in rural areas is provided primarily through extension of distribution networks, and in remote regions of the Legal Amazon through isolated generation systems, with solutions involving renewable sources. Funding comes from electricity sector agents, the Energy Development Account (CDE) and other sources authorized by law. The contracts for rural areas had a deadline for the application of funds limited to December 31, 2026, extended to December 31, 2028 in wording given by Law No. 12,964 of 2026; for remote regions, the deadline is December 31, 2028.

    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 2, item I. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “I - democratizar e viabilizar o acesso e o uso da energia elétrica à população residente no meio rural, prioritariamente por meio de extensão de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, e em regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal, por meio de sistemas isolados de geração de energia elétrica;”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 7, main provision. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Os atendimentos nas regiões remotas serão realizados por meio de soluções de suprimento que envolvam fontes renováveis de geração de energia elétrica.”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 5, main provision and items I to III. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Os recursos necessários para o custeio do Programa Luz para Todos serão provenientes: I - de agentes do setor elétrico; II - da Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético - CDE, instituída como subvenção econômica pela Lei nº 10.438, de 2002; e III - de outras fontes autorizadas por lei.”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 5, § 2 (original wording and new wording) and § 3. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “meio rural terão o prazo de aplicação de recursos financeiros limitado a 31 de dezembro de 2026 e o de encerramento de crédito limitado a 31 de dezembro de 2027. § 2º Os contratos firmados no âmbito do Programa Luz para Todos para atender a população do meio rural terão o prazo de aplicação de recursos financeiros limitado a 31 de dezembro de 2028”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 5, § 2, annotation of the new wording; § 3. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “(Redação dada pela Lei nº 12.964, de 2026) § 3º Os contratos firmados no âmbito do Programa Luz para Todos para atender a população residente em regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal terão o prazo de aplicação de recursos financeiros limitado a 31 de dezembro de 2028”

  18. 18. The Operational Manual approved by Ordinance GM/MME No. 801 of September 18, 2024, directs the implementing agent to install in households the service entrance panel and an internal installation kit with one light point per room up to a limit of three, two outlets and low-consumption lamps. The implementing agent's counterpart contribution and the CDE's percentage share in each contract are defined between the MME and the implementing agent in the Commitment Agreement (Termo de Compromisso).

    • Portaria GM/MME nº 801, de 18 de setembro de 2024 (Manual de Operacionalização do Programa Luz para Todos) · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1 of the Ordinance. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Art. 1º Fica aprovado o Manual de Operacionalização que estabelece os critérios técnicos, financeiros, procedimentos e prioridades que serão aplicados no Programa Nacional de Universalização do Acesso e Uso da Energia Elétrica - Luz para Todos, na forma do Anexo.”
    • Portaria GM/MME nº 801, de 18 de setembro de 2024 (Manual de Operacionalização do Programa Luz para Todos) · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Official legal act
      Where: Annex (Manual), technical criteria, service in households. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Para atendimentos em domicílios, o Agente Executor deverá instalar o módulo “Padrão de Entrada” e providenciar um kit de instalação interna que consiste no fornecimento e instalação de um ponto de luz por cômodo até o limite de três pontos de luz, duas tomadas, condutores, lâmpadas de baixo consumo de energia”
    • Portaria GM/MME nº 801, de 18 de setembro de 2024 (Manual de Operacionalização do Programa Luz para Todos) · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Official legal act
      Where: Annex (Manual), sources of funds. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “A participação financeira do Agente Executor, a título de contrapartida, e o percentual de participação financeira da CDE nos contratos de operacionalização a serem firmados no âmbito do Programa Luz para Todos serão definidos entre o MME e o Agente Executor e pactuados no Termo de Compromisso.”

  19. 19. According to the MME book, each party's share was defined in a Commitment Agreement (Termo de Compromisso), and the non-repayable portion varied according to the tariff impact. In Espírito Santo, the federal subsidy was 10%, the state subsidy 10%, the federal financing 65% and the counterpart of the implementing agents 15%. In Amazonas, Acre and Roraima, the non-repayable portion was 80% from the federal government and 10% from the state governments, with 10% as counterpart from the concessionaires.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 39, Participation table. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “No Espírito Santo, por exemplo, os valores subvencionados pelo governo federal foram de apenas 10%, cabendo outros 10% ao governo estadual; 65% de financiamento pelo governo federal e 15%, em contrapartida, dos agentes executores.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 39, Participation table. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “No Amazonas, no Acre e em Roraima, estados em que os impactos tarifários seriam altíssimos, considerando que o investimento a ser realizado teria um custo elevadíssimo em relação ao mercado dos concessionários, os valores a fundo perdido foram de 80% por parte do governo federal, de 10% por parte dos governos estaduais e, em contrapartida, de 10% pelos concessionários.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 39, Participation table. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “A participação de cada um foi definida por meio de um Termo de Compromisso, assinado em conjunto com os governos federal e estadual e com os agentes executores, tendo a interveniência da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - Aneel e da Eletrobrás.”

  20. 20. Under Decree No. 11,628/2023, the beneficiaries are families, collective spaces, support facilities and facilities for local socioeconomic development, and other consumer units located in rural areas; located in remote regions of the Legal Amazon that do not have access to the public electric power service; and located in remote regions of the Legal Amazon currently served by electricity generated from a nonrenewable source. Priorities include, among others, low-income families, families registered in the CadÚnico, Indigenous communities, quilombola communities, rural settlements, schools, health facilities and community water wells. Decree No. 12,964 of May 8, 2026, signed by Lula, added as priorities families headed by women registered in the Cadastro Único for Social Programs of the Federal Government and families with persons with disabilities, dependent elderly people or among whose residents is someone who receives the continuing cash benefit of social assistance (benefício de prestação continuada), and included among the priority communities riverside and extractivist communities, other traditional peoples and family farmers.

    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3, caput. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “São beneficiários do Programa Luz para Todos, nos termos do seu Manual de Operacionalização, as famílias, os espaços coletivos, as instalações de apoio e de desenvolvimento socioeconômico local e as demais unidades consumidoras:”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3, items I to III. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “I - situadas no meio rural; II - situadas nas regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal que não disponham de acesso ao serviço público de energia elétrica; e III - situadas nas regiões remotas da Amazônia Legal atualmente atendidas por meio de geração de energia elétrica de fonte não renovável.”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3, sole paragraph, items I and II (original wording). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “I - as famílias de baixa renda definidas nos termos do disposto no inciso II do caput do art. 5º do Decreto nº 11.016, de 29 de março de 2022 ; II - as famílias inscritas no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal - CadÚnico;”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3, sole paragraph, items IV (original wording) and V. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “IV - as comunidades indígenas, as comunidades quilombolas, os assentamentos rurais e as comunidades localizadas em unidades de conservação ou impactadas diretamente por empreendimentos de geração ou de transmissão de energia elétrica cuja responsabilidade não seja do concessionário titular desses empreendimentos;”
    • Decreto nº 11.628, de 4 de agosto de 2023 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 3, sole paragraph, item V. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “V - as escolas, as unidades de saúde e os poços de água comunitários;”
    • Decreto nº 12.964, de 8 de maio de 2026 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, new wording of art. 3, sole paragraph, items II-A and III-A, of Decree 11,628. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “II-A - as famílias chefiadas por mulheres inscritas no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal – CadÚnico;”
    • Decreto nº 12.964, de 8 de maio de 2026 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, new wording of art. 3, sole paragraph, item III-A, of Decree 11,628. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “III-A - as famílias com pessoas com deficiência, idosos dependentes ou que tenham entre seus moradores quem receba o benefício de prestação continuada da assistência social”
    • Decreto nº 12.964, de 8 de maio de 2026 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: closing and signatures. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Brasília, 8 de maio de 2026; 205º da Independência e 138º da República. LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira”
    • Decreto nº 12.964, de 8 de maio de 2026 · Presidency of the Republic (Planalto) Official legal act
      Where: art. 1, new wording of art. 3, sole paragraph, item IV, of Decree 11,628. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “IV - as comunidades indígenas, quilombolas, ribeirinhas e extrativistas, os demais povos tradicionais, os assentamentos rurais, os agricultores familiares e as comunidades localizadas em unidades de conservação ou impactadas diretamente por empreendimentos de geração ou de transmissão de energia elétrica cuja responsabilidade não seja do concessionário titular desses empreendimentos;”

  21. 21. According to the MME book, referring to the cumulative total through May 2009, the planned budget was R$20 billion, of which R$14 billion federal; the federal government had contracted R$9.7 billion and released R$6.9 billion. These are declared, nominal values, accumulated since the start of the program.

  22. 22. The 2024 annual budget of the CDE, approved by Aneel in Homologating Resolution No. 3,426 of December 10, 2024, in the amount of R$37,167,665,231.64, provided R$2,503 million for the Universalization - PLpT and Installation Kit line item, compared with R$1,140 million in 2022 and R$1,624 million in 2023, a change of 54.1% over 2023, according to Table 1 of the rapporteur's vote (CDE Annual Budget 2022-2024). These are budgeted amounts in the sector fund, not execution.

  23. 23. In the 2014 Expenditure Budget file of the Transparency Portal, action 0EA2, Participation of the Union in the Capital of Eletrobras, Expansion of the Rural Electric Power Distribution Network, Luz para Todos (National), appears in fiscal year 2014 with an initial and updated budget of 5305000.00 and committed and realized amounts of 0.00 (nominal values, in reais).

    • Portal da Transparência: Orçamento da Despesa 2014 (arquivo 2014_OrcamentoDespesa.zip) · Office of the Comptroller General (CGU) Budget and spending
      Where: row: fiscal year 2014, action 0EA2, element 00 (columns: initial; updated; committed; realized; % realized). Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “"0EA2";"PARTICIPACAO DA UNIAO NO CAPITAL DA ELETROBRAS - AMPLIACAO DA REDE RURAL DE DISTRIBUICAO DE ENERGIA ELETRICA - LUZ PARA TODOS (NACIONAL)";"4";"DESPESA DE CAPITAL";"5";"Inversões Financeiras";"00";"Não informado";"5305000,00";"5305000,00";"0,00";"0,00";"0,00%"”

  24. 24. According to the MME book, the service delivered through May 2009 was 2 million connections, benefiting 10 million people (cumulative).

  25. 25. The MME stated that in 2023 the program served 64.5 thousand families (annual flow), with investments of R$1.4 billion from the CDE (nominal). In August 2025, the government declared 123.2 thousand new connections between 2023 and 2025 (cumulative for the period), providing electricity to about 500 thousand people, and, since 2003, more than 3.7 million families and about 17.7 million people served, with investments totaling R$27 billion (cumulative, nominal). The MME page records 3.6 million households and 17.2 million people in the program's 20 years, as of November 11, 2023.

    • Luz Para Todos beneficiou mais de 64,5 mil famílias em 2023 (cópia no Internet Archive) · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured February 13, 2026); original address: www.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME).
      Where: first paragraph. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “alcançou a meta de 64,5 mil famílias atendidas em 2023, com investimentos de R$ 1,4 bilhão, oriundos da Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético (CDE).”
    • Governo Federal projeta 400 mil novas ligações do Luz Para Todos até 2028 (cópia no Internet Archive) · Secretariat for Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic (Secom) Government communication
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured August 20, 2025); original address: www.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Secretariat for Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic (Secom).
      Where: second paragraph. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Entre 2023 e 2025, foram realizadas, no âmbito do Luz Para Todos, 123,2 mil novas ligações, garantindo eletricidade a cerca de 500 mil brasileiros.”
    • Governo Federal projeta 400 mil novas ligações do Luz Para Todos até 2028 (cópia no Internet Archive) · Secretariat for Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic (Secom) Government communication
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured August 20, 2025); original address: www.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Secretariat for Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic (Secom).
      Where: subheading 17.7 million people. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Desde sua criação, durante o primeiro mandato do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, em 2003, o Luz Para Todos já levou energia elétrica para mais de 3,7 milhões de famílias brasileiras, beneficiando cerca de 17,7 milhões de pessoas, com investimentos que somam R$ 27 bilhões.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos: Sobre o Programa · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: section Relaunch of the Program. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “Os 20 anos do Programa Luz para Todos, celebrados em 11 de novembro de 2023, permitiram alcançar 3,6 milhões de domicílios, beneficiando 17,2 milhões de pessoas”

  26. 26. According to the TCU (2012 Government Accounts record), the initial goal of Luz para Todos, to bring electric power to two million homes by 2008, was met in May 2009, benefiting about ten million people; by July 2011, when the first stage ended, about 2.8 million consumer units had been served (cumulative).

  27. 27. According to the study by Ribeiro, Teixeira and Soares published in the Ipea journal Planejamento e Políticas Públicas (No. 49, Jul./Dec. 2017), which applies the difference-in-differences estimator to data from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses, Luz para Todos had positive effects on the average earnings of workers over 18, on the average schooling of people aged 25 or older and on the literacy rate of the municipalities potentially most served by the program.

  28. 28. According to the TCU (2012 Government Accounts), from 2004 to the end of 2012, almost three million connections were completed under the Luz para Todos Program, at a total cost of R$11.8 billion, and works worth approximately R$14.4 billion have already been contracted. Of the target of 715,939 connections, part of PAC-2 (2011 to 2014), 367,993 connections were made between 2011 and 2012; in 2012, 120,131 electrical installations were completed, and the TCU records that 55% of the target set for the year was carried out.

  29. 29. In Ruling 371/2011-Plenary (operational audit of Luz para Todos), the TCU found that the program data used in the annual tariff adjustment were not sufficiently monitored by Aneel, which affected the reliability of the information and increased the risk of an undue tariff impact.

  30. 30. In Ruling 3299/2014-Plenary (Fiscobras 2012, thematic audit of Luz para Todos), the TCU recorded that there was practically no competition in the 104 lots put out to bid: in 79% of the bidding processes only one valid proposal was submitted, in 11% there were only two qualified bidders, and the overall discount was only 2%.

  31. 31. According to Ruling 371/2011-Plenary of the TCU, of the target of about 2.9 million consumer units, approximately 336 thousand remained to be served by December 2011, and the MME reported additional demand of 495 thousand new connections (estimated investment of R$5.5 billion), for a total of 831 thousand pending connections, about 28% of the initial target.

  32. 32. According to the MME, the Luz no Campo Program emerged in 1999, by presidential decree, with the goal of bringing electric power to 1 million rural households in four years; the interested farmer had to bear the entire burden, from building the power line to the residential installation, with the investment financed by the program and a period to pay off the debt. Also according to the MME, the program did not reach states such as Amazonas, Amapá and Maranhão, and the cost of the connection was incompatible with the income profile of the families who most needed electric power.

    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 12. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “O investimento era financiado pelo Programa, e o devedor dispunha de um prazo para quitar a dívida. Entretanto, algumas barreiras impediram que o benefício fosse levado a um número maior de pessoas: o Programa não chegou a alguns estados, como o Amazonas, o Amapá e o Maranhão, e, além disso, o custo da ligação era incompatível com o perfil de renda das famílias que mais necessitavam de energia elétrica.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 12, paragraph on the Luz no Campo Program (beginning). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Em 1999, surge o Programa Luz no Campo por meio de decreto presidencial. O Programa tinha por objetivo levar energia elétrica a 1 milhão de domicílios rurais, no prazo de quatro anos.”
    • Programa Luz para Todos – Um marco histórico: 10 milhões de brasileiros saíram da escuridão · Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) Government communication
      Where: PDF p. 12, same paragraph (continuation). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Mas havia um empecilho: o agricultor interessado em ter acesso à energia elétrica deveria arcar com todo o ônus, desde a construção da rede elétrica até a instalação residencial.”

  33. 33. On November 12, 2003, according to Agência Senado, Senator Rodolpho Tourinho (PFL-BA) asked why the name of a program already under way (Luz no Campo), launched in 1999 by the previous government, was being changed to Luz para Todos, and Senator José Jorge (PFL-PE) said the government was continuing an existing program under a new name. This is the opinion of legislators, not proof of succession.

    • Tourinho: "Luz para Todos é o Luz no Campo" · Agência Senado Official record
      Where: paragraph 1. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “senador Rodolpho Tourinho (PFL-BA) perguntou nesta quarta-feira (12) por que alterar o nome de um programa em andamento (Luz no Campo), lançado em 1999 pelo governo anterior, para Luz para Todos,”
    • Tourinho: "Luz para Todos é o Luz no Campo" · Agência Senado Official record
      Where: second-to-last paragraph. Accessed October 13, 2026.
      “- O governo atual não está fazendo nada novo. Está dando continuidade a um programa já existente com um nome novo. Espero que alcance os mesmo resultados do Luz no Campo - disse o senador.”
    • Tourinho: "Luz para Todos é o Luz no Campo" · Agência Senado Official record
      Where: article header (byline and date). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Da Redação | 12/11/2003, 00h00”
    • Tourinho: "Luz para Todos é o Luz no Campo" · Agência Senado Official record
      Where: second-to-last paragraph, sentence preceding the statement. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “O senador José Jorge (PFL-PE) disse que foi o Luz no Campo que fez com que Pernambuco tenha hoje quase 100% de atendimento de energia elétrica na zona urbana e 70% na zona rural.”

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