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Institutional reform · Seppir

Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality (Seppir)

Problem
Racial inequalities in Brazil, which the National Policy for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Decree 4,886/2003) has as its main objective to reduce, with an emphasis on the Black population. Before the Secretariat, there were already the Palmares Cultural Foundation (1988), the Interministerial Working Group for the Valorization of the Black Population (1995), with members of the Black Movement, the National Council to Combat Discrimination (2001), and the National Affirmative Action Program (2002).
Who it serves
The Black population, the emphasis of the PNPIR; since 2023, the responsibilities of the Ministry of Racial Equality also include policies for quilombola communities, peoples of traditional communities of African origin, terreiro peoples, and Romani people.
How it works
A Special Secretariat created by MP 111/2003 as a body of immediate advisory to the President of the Republic, converted by Congress into Law 10,678/2003, with a head holding prerogatives equivalent to those of a minister (position of Minister of State since Law 11,693/2008). It coordinates the actions and the institutional coordination of the PNPIR, with support from the other federal bodies and expenses charged to the appropriations of each participating body, and it received the planning, coordination of execution, and evaluation of the National Affirmative Action Program; together with the CNPIR, it received the coordination of the 2nd National Conference, set for 2009. Abolished as a secretariat of the Presidency in 2016, it came to be part of other ministries; in 2023 the Ministry of Racial Equality was created, which coordinates the actions of Sinapir, a system established by the Racial Equality Statute (Law 12,288/2010, enacted by the National Congress), and has the CNPIR as an advisory body.

Racial equalitySocial participation and public administration

Relation to the Lula governments

Created under Lula · First term (2003 to 2006) · from March 2003 to May 2003

Provisional Measure No. 111 of March 21, 2003 created the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality as a body of immediate advisory to the President of the Republic.[1]

MP 111/2003 was approved by the National Congress and converted into Law No. 10,678 of May 23, 2003, promulgated by the Second Vice President of the Board of the National Congress, Senator Eduardo Siqueira Campos, in the exercise of the Presidency of the Board.[2]

Shared implementation · First term (2003 to 2006) · from November 2003 to 2006

Under Decree 4,886/2003, the Secretariat became responsible for the coordination of actions and the institutional articulation of the PNPIR; the bodies of the federal public administration provide support for implementation, and the expenses are charged to the appropriations of the respective participating bodies.[3]

Ipea described the Secretariat as a body for advisory, consultation, coordination, and articulation, and not as an executive body managing end-activity programs, which required coordination with the rest of the government.[4]

Reshaped under Lula · Second term (2007 to 2010) · from 2008 to August 2010

Law No. 11,693 of 2008 transformed the position of Special Secretary for Policies to Promote Racial Equality into the position of Minister of State Head of the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality.[5]

Decree No. 6,872 of June 4, 2009 approved the National Plan for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Planapir) and established its Coordination and Monitoring Committee, coordinated by the Secretariat, with the responsibility of proposing a revision of the plan taking into account the guidelines of the National Conferences for the Promotion of Racial Equality.[6]

Law No. 12,314 of August 19, 2010, the conversion of MP 483/2010, transformed the Special Secretariat into the Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality of the Presidency of the Republic and included its head among the Ministers of State.[7]

The Racial Equality Statute established the National System for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Sinapir), with optional adhesion by States, the Federal District, and Municipalities, and assigned to the body responsible for the policy of promoting ethnic equality at the national level the coordination of the PNPIR and Sinapir.[8]

Reshaped under Lula · Third term (since 2023) · since January 2023

Provisional Measure No. 1,154 of January 1, 2023 created the Ministry of Racial Equality.[9]

Law No. 14,600 of June 19, 2023, the conversion of MP 1,154/2023, includes the Ministry of Racial Equality in the list in art. 53, which begins with "Hereby created".[10]

Law 14,600/2023 assigns to the Ministry of Racial Equality, among other areas, policies of affirmative action and of combating and overcoming racism, policies for quilombola communities, peoples of traditional communities of African origin, terreiro peoples, and Romani people, and the coordination of actions within Sinapir.[11]

Origin and precursors

Origin milestone: founding legal act, First term (2003 to 2006).

Provisional Measure No. 111 of March 21, 2003 created the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality as a body of immediate advisory to the President of the Republic.[1]

Precursors

  • Fundação Cultural Palmares (Law 7,668/1988), linked to the Ministry of Culture similar initiative, no succession stated by the source Law No. 7,668 of August 22, 1988 authorized the Executive Branch to constitute the Palmares Cultural Foundation, attached to the Ministry of Culture, with the purpose of promoting the preservation of the cultural, social, and economic values arising from the Black influence on the formation of Brazilian society.[12]
  • Interministerial Working Group for the Valorization of the Black Population (Decree of November 20, 1995) similar initiative, no succession stated by the source Decree of November 20, 1995 established an Interministerial Working Group with the purpose of developing policies for the valorization of the Black Population, made up of eight members of civil society linked to the Black Movement and by representatives of ministries, chaired by the representative of the Ministry of Justice.[13]
  • National Council to Combat Discrimination, in the Ministry of Justice (Decree 3,952/2001) similar initiative, no succession stated by the source Decree No. 3,952 of October 4, 2001 provided for the National Council to Combat Discrimination (CNCD), a collegiate body of the Ministry of Justice with the authority to propose, monitor, and evaluate affirmative public policies to protect groups affected by racial discrimination.[14]
  • National Affirmative Action Program (Decree 4,228/2002), under the State Secretariat for Human Rights earlier technical basis Law 10,678/2003 included among the responsibilities of the new Secretariat the planning, coordination of execution, and evaluation of the National Affirmative Action Program, a program established in 2002 under the State Secretariat for Human Rights.[15]
  • Durban Plan of Action (3rd World Conference against Racism, 2001) and the Brasil sem Racismo document earlier technical basis The recitals of Decree 4,886/2003, which established the National Policy for the Promotion of Racial Equality, cite the document Brasil sem Racismo, prepared for the government program, and the Durban Plan of Action, a product of the 3rd World Conference against Racism.[16]

Precursor investigation: new structure established (October 14, 2026).

Scope: MP 111/2003 and Law 10,678/2003; Law 7,668/1988 (Fundação Cultural Palmares); Decree of November 20, 1995 (GTI Black Population, text at the Senate); Decree 3,952/2001 (CNCD); Decree 4,228/2002 (National Affirmative Action Program); recitals of Decree 4,886/2003 (Durban, Brasil sem Racismo); Ipea (Institute for Applied Economic Research), Políticas Sociais No. 8 (2004) and No. 11 (2005). Decree 4,651/2003, Law 9,649/1998 and the structure of the State Secretariat for Human Rights were not opened.

Responsibilities

  • National Congress (approval of MP 111/2003 and promulgation of Law 10,678/2003) legislative approval

    MP 111/2003 was approved by the National Congress and converted into Law No. 10,678 of May 23, 2003, promulgated by the Second Vice President of the Board of the National Congress, Senator Eduardo Siqueira Campos, in the exercise of the Presidency of the Board.[2]

  • Federal public administration bodies (support for the PNPIR, with their own appropriations) partnership

    Under Decree 4,886/2003, the Secretariat became responsible for the coordination of actions and the institutional articulation of the PNPIR; the bodies of the federal public administration provide support for implementation, and the expenses are charged to the appropriations of the respective participating bodies.[3]

  • States, Federal District and municipalities (adhesion to Sinapir) partnership

    The Racial Equality Statute established the National System for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Sinapir), with optional adhesion by States, the Federal District, and Municipalities, and assigned to the body responsible for the policy of promoting ethnic equality at the national level the coordination of the PNPIR and Sinapir.[8]

  • Ministry of Racial Equality (since 2023) federal management

    Law 14,600/2023 assigns to the Ministry of Racial Equality, among other areas, policies of affirmative action and of combating and overcoming racism, policies for quilombola communities, peoples of traditional communities of African origin, terreiro peoples, and Romani people, and the coordination of actions within Sinapir.[11]

Timeline

Timeline of Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality (Seppir)
DatePhaseWhat happened
March 2003Legal actMP 111/2003 creates the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality.[1]
May 2003Legal actLaw 10,678/2003, the conversion of MP 111, promulgated by the Board of the Congress.[2]
November 2003Legal actDecrees 4,885 (CNPIR) and 4,886 (National Policy for the Promotion of Racial Equality).[17]
June 2005Implementation1st National Conference for the Promotion of Racial Equality, in Brasília.[18]
2008Legal actLaw 11,693/2008 transforms the position of head into Minister of State Head.[5]
June 2009Legal actDecree 6,872/2009 approves the Planapir and its monitoring committee.[6]
July 2010Legal actLaw 12,288/2010 (Racial Equality Statute, originating in the Senate) establishes the Sinapir.[19]
August 2010Legal actLaw 12,314/2010 transforms the Special Secretariat into the Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality.[7]
October 2015Legal actMP 696/2015 (Dilma government) abolishes the position of minister head of the Secretariat.[20]
April 2016TerminationLaw 13,266/2016 abolishes the Presidency's Secretariat and creates the Ministry of Women, Racial Equality, Youth, and Human Rights.[21]
May 2016Legal actMP 726/2016 abolishes that ministry and transfers the portfolio to the Ministry of Justice and Citizenship.[22]
November 2017Legal actLaw 13,502/2017 places the National Secretariat in the Ministry of Human Rights.[23]
June 2019Legal actLaw 13,844/2019 places the National Secretariat in the Ministry of Women, Family, and Human Rights.[24]
January 2023Legal actMP 1,154/2023 creates the Ministry of Racial Equality.[9]
June 2023Legal actLaw 14,600/2023, the conversion of MP 1,154, keeps the Ministry of Racial Equality.[10]

What was established

In the original wording of MP 111/2003, the position of Special Secretary for Policies to Promote Racial Equality had prerogatives, guarantees, advantages, and rights equivalent to those of a Minister of State.[25]

In a social policy bulletin, Ipea states that one of the distinctive aspects of the current government, as of the date of the bulletin, compared with the previous one was the creation of an administrative structure devoted to coordinating public policies to promote racial equality, with ministry-level status.[26]

How it works

According to Ipea, MP 111/2003 was supplemented by Decree No. 4,651 of March 27, 2003, which defined the Secretariat's internal regulations structure and the number of commissioned positions.[27]

Governance

According to Ipea, the National Council for the Promotion of Racial Equality, chaired by the head of Seppir, is made up of eighteen ministers of State and special secretaries, nineteen representatives of organized civil society entities, with an emphasis on those identified with the Black Movement, and three personalities of notable recognition in the field of race relations.[28]

Among the demands of the 1st Conapir reported by Ipea is the recommendation to the National Congress for the immediate approval of the Racial Equality Statute and the Racial Equality Promotion Fund.[29]

Decree of November 7, 2008 set the holding of the 2nd National Conference for the Promotion of Racial Equality for June 25 to 28, 2009, under the coordination of the Secretariat and the CNPIR, to analyze and renegotiate the guidelines of the 1st Conference and evaluate the implementation of the National Plan for the Promotion of Racial Equality.[30]

As worded by Decree No. 11,656 of 2023, the CNPIR became an advisory collegiate body that is part of the internal regulations structure of the Ministry of Racial Equality.[31]

Changes

The Planapir Coordination and Monitoring Committee, established by Decree 6,872/2009, was revoked by Decree No. 10,087 of 2019.[32]

Budget and spending

Figures are nominal unless stated otherwise. Announced, authorized, committed, liquidated and paid amounts are different things and appear with the type indicated. In SIOP lines, "paid" means paid within the same fiscal year (arrears settled later are not counted), and one budget action can fund more than one program: the text says when the action is only part of a program.

According to Ipea, in 2003 Seppir did not manage a specific budget, because it was created that year, and from 2004 on it began to appear in the General Federal Budget and in the PPA with reduced planned resources.[33]

According to Ipea, Seppir's planned budget for 2004 totaled R$17.2 million in the budget proposal, subject to changes by Congress, in the body's only program in the PPA, Management of the Racial Equality Promotion Policy.[34]

In 2004, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$17,271,666, an authorized appropriation of R$17,429,666, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$12,857,769, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[35]

In 2006, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$32,688,327, an authorized appropriation of R$32,885,138, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$18,430,401, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[36]

In 2010, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$68,676,102, an authorized appropriation of R$69,825,671, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$24,977,463, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[37]

In 2015, budget unit 67101 (Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$75,232,571, an authorized appropriation of R$76,703,049, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$17,934,068, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[38]

In 2023, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had no initial appropriation in the budget law and had an authorized appropriation of R$89,321,870 and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$47,313,515, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[39]

In 2024, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had an initial appropriation of R$180,433,909, an authorized appropriation of R$162,954,503, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$114,084,309, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[40]

In 2025, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had an initial appropriation of R$217,898,160, an authorized appropriation of R$192,587,012, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$146,345,410, in nominal values, according to SIOP.[41]

Limitations

Ipea (2023) described a cycle of implementation and institutional consolidation of the racial agenda in the public sphere from the beginning of the century until 2015, followed by setbacks from 2015 on, more deeply since 2019, and a deepened dismantling between 2019 and 2022.[42]

Table 1 of Ipea (2023), citing the Brasil (2022) report, records a 95% reduction in resources and in budget execution for racial policies or actions from 2015 to 2022 and the abolition of Seppir, with ministry status, in 2015.[43]

Ipea (2004) assessed that the government's commitment to promoting racial equality was not reflected in a significant allocation of budget resources, that the Secretariat's overall budget was quite small given the magnitude of the inequalities between Black and white people, and that Seppir had scarce financial, material, organizational, and human resources.[44]

According to Ipea (2004), it will not be an easy task to track the financing and spending of actions to promote racial equality, because most of them are funded from the budgets of other bodies.[45]

An Ipea study from 2014 on the 2004 to 2007 and 2008 to 2011 PPAs noted that the Seppir evaluations cited constraints such as low institutionalization of the policy, without targets, indicators, or consolidated mechanisms, and repeated criticism of insufficient material resources and of a lack or inadequacy of personnel.[46]

The same Ipea study noted that, in 2008, 80% of Executive Branch programs, and 60% in the social ministries, had still not incorporated the racial issue, and pointed to a tendency toward isolation of the racial issue within Seppir.[47]

Context

Ipea noted in 2004 that the Secretariat was the only body in the government structure created after January 1, 2003 and that the delay in creating it even raised doubts about the government's willingness to address the racial issue.[48]

According to Ipea, the 2004 to 2007 Multi-Year Plan included the challenge "Promote the reduction of racial inequalities in Brazil" within the mega-objective "Social inclusion and reduction of social inequalities".[49]

According to Ipea, in response to pressure from social movements and civil society organizations, the federal government decided to keep Seppir and the SPM, but moved the SEDH to the General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic.[50]

Decree No. 8,136 of November 5, 2013, signed by President Dilma Rousseff, approved the regulation of Sinapir.[51]

Precursors

Decree No. 4,228 of May 13, 2002 established, within the Federal Public Administration, the National Affirmative Action Program, under the coordination of the State Secretariat for Human Rights of the Ministry of Justice.[52]

Sources and evidence

Excerpts are quoted in the original language of the source.

  1. 1. Provisional Measure No. 111 of March 21, 2003 created the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality as a body of immediate advisory to the President of the Republic.

  2. 2. MP 111/2003 was approved by the National Congress and converted into Law No. 10,678 of May 23, 2003, promulgated by the Second Vice President of the Board of the National Congress, Senator Eduardo Siqueira Campos, in the exercise of the Presidency of the Board.

    • Lei nº 10.678, de 23 de maio de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and preamble. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI N o 10.678, DE 23 DE MAIO DE 2003. Conversão da MPv nº 111, de 2003 Cria a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, da Presidência da República, e dá outras providências.”
    • Lei nº 10.678, de 23 de maio de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: preamble. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Faço saber que o Presidente da República adotou a Medida Provisória nº 111, de 2003, que o Congresso Nacional aprovou, e eu, Eduardo Siqueira Campos, Segundo Vice-Presidente, no exercício da Presidência da Mesa do Congresso Nacional”

  3. 3. Under Decree 4,886/2003, the Secretariat became responsible for the coordination of actions and the institutional articulation of the PNPIR; the bodies of the federal public administration provide support for implementation, and the expenses are charged to the appropriations of the respective participating bodies.

    • Decreto nº 4.886, de 20 de novembro de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: arts. 3 and 4. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 3 o A Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial fica responsável pela coordenação das ações e a articulação institucional necessárias à implementação da PNPIR. Parágrafo único. Os órgãos da administração pública federal prestarão apoio à implementação da PNPIR. Art. 4 o As despesas decorrentes da implementação da PNPIR correrão à conta de dotações orçamentárias dos respectivos órgãos participantes.”

  4. 4. Ipea described the Secretariat as a body for advisory, consultation, coordination, and articulation, and not as an executive body managing end-activity programs, which required coordination with the rest of the government.

  5. 5. Law No. 11,693 of 2008 transformed the position of Special Secretary for Policies to Promote Racial Equality into the position of Minister of State Head of the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality.

    • Lei nº 10.678, de 23 de maio de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 4-A (added by Law No. 11,693 of 2008). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 4º-A. Fica transformado o cargo de Secretário Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial no cargo de Ministro de Estado Chefe da Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial. (Incluído pela Lei nº 11.693, de 2008)”

  6. 6. Decree No. 6,872 of June 4, 2009 approved the National Plan for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Planapir) and established its Coordination and Monitoring Committee, coordinated by the Secretariat, with the responsibility of proposing a revision of the plan taking into account the guidelines of the National Conferences for the Promotion of Racial Equality.

    • Decreto nº 6.872, de 4 de junho de 2009 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured March 19, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “DECRETO Nº 6.872, DE 4 DE JUNHO DE 2009. Aprova o Plano Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial - PLANAPIR, e institui o seu Comitê de Articulação e Monitoramento.”
    • Decreto nº 6.872, de 4 de junho de 2009 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured March 19, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 3, I, a. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “a) Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, que o coordenará;”
    • Decreto nº 6.872, de 4 de junho de 2009 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured March 19, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 4, VII. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “VII - propor revisão do PLANAPIR, semestralmente, considerando as diretrizes emanadas das Conferências Nacionais de Promoção da Igualdade Racial.”

  7. 7. Law No. 12,314 of August 19, 2010, the conversion of MP 483/2010, transformed the Special Secretariat into the Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality of the Presidency of the Republic and included its head among the Ministers of State.

    • Lei nº 12.314, de 19 de agosto de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 12.314, DE 19 DE AGOSTO DE 2010. Mensagem de veto. Conversão da Medida Provisória nº 483, de 2010”
    • Lei nº 12.314, de 19 de agosto de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 3, III. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “III - a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, de que trata a Lei nº 10.678, de 23 de maio de 2003 , em Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial da Presidência da República; e”
    • Lei nº 12.314, de 19 de agosto de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: new wording of art. 25, sole paragraph, of Law 10,683/2003. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “o Chefe da Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial da Presidência da República”
    • Lei nº 12.314, de 19 de agosto de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 25, sole paragraph (wording given by the law). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “São Ministros de Estado os titulares dos Ministérios, o Chefe da Casa Civil”

  8. 8. The Racial Equality Statute established the National System for the Promotion of Racial Equality (Sinapir), with optional adhesion by States, the Federal District, and Municipalities, and assigned to the body responsible for the policy of promoting ethnic equality at the national level the coordination of the PNPIR and Sinapir.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 47 and § 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 47. É instituído o Sistema Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (Sinapir) como forma de organização e de articulação voltadas à implementação do conjunto de políticas e serviços destinados a superar as desigualdades étnicas existentes no País, prestados pelo poder público federal. § 1 o Os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios poderão participar do Sinapir mediante adesão.”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 49, § 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “§ 1 o A elaboração, implementação, coordenação, avaliação e acompanhamento da PNPIR, bem como a organização, articulação e coordenação do Sinapir, serão efetivados pelo órgão responsável pela política de promoção da igualdade étnica em âmbito nacional.”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: summary. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial;”

  9. 9. Provisional Measure No. 1,154 of January 1, 2023 created the Ministry of Racial Equality.

  10. 10. Law No. 14,600 of June 19, 2023, the conversion of MP 1,154/2023, includes the Ministry of Racial Equality in the list in art. 53, which begins with "Hereby created".

  11. 11. Law 14,600/2023 assigns to the Ministry of Racial Equality, among other areas, policies of affirmative action and of combating and overcoming racism, policies for quilombola communities, peoples of traditional communities of African origin, terreiro peoples, and Romani people, and the coordination of actions within Sinapir.

    • Lei nº 14.600, de 19 de junho de 2023 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 27, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 33, I to III. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 33. Constituem áreas de competência do Ministério da Igualdade Racial: I - políticas e diretrizes destinadas à promoção da igualdade racial e étnica; II - políticas de ações afirmativas e de combate e superação do racismo; III - políticas para quilombolas, povos de comunidades tradicionais de matriz africana, povos de terreiro e ciganos;”
    • Lei nº 14.600, de 19 de junho de 2023 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 27, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 33, VIII. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “VIII - coordenação das ações no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (Sinapir); e”

  12. 12. Law No. 7,668 of August 22, 1988 authorized the Executive Branch to constitute the Palmares Cultural Foundation, attached to the Ministry of Culture, with the purpose of promoting the preservation of the cultural, social, and economic values arising from the Black influence on the formation of Brazilian society.

    • Lei nº 7.668, de 22 de agosto de 1988 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 1º Fica o Poder Executivo autorizado a constituir a Fundação Cultural Palmares - FCP, vinculada ao Ministério da Cultura, com sede e foro no distrito Federal, com a finalidade de promover a preservação dos valores culturais, sociais e econômicos decorrentes da influência negra na formação da sociedade brasileira.”
    • Lei nº 7.668, de 22 de agosto de 1988 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 7.668, DE 22 DE AGOSTO DE 1988.”

  13. 13. Decree of November 20, 1995 established an Interministerial Working Group with the purpose of developing policies for the valorization of the Black Population, made up of eight members of civil society linked to the Black Movement and by representatives of ministries, chaired by the representative of the Ministry of Justice.

  14. 14. Decree No. 3,952 of October 4, 2001 provided for the National Council to Combat Discrimination (CNCD), a collegiate body of the Ministry of Justice with the authority to propose, monitor, and evaluate affirmative public policies to protect groups affected by racial discrimination.

    • Decreto nº 3.952, de 4 de outubro de 2001 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 16, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and art. 2. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 2 o Ao CNCD, órgão colegiado, integrante da estrutura básica do Ministério da Justiça, compete propor, acompanhar e avaliar as políticas públicas afirmativas de promoção da igualdade e da proteção dos direitos de indivíduos e grupos sociais e étnicos afetados por discriminação racial e demais formas de intolerância.”
    • Decreto nº 3.952, de 4 de outubro de 2001 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 16, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “DECRETO Nº 3.952, DE 4 DE OUTUBRO DE 2001. Revogado pelo Decreto nº 5.397, de 2005 Texto para impressão Dispõe sobre o Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação - CNCD.”

  15. 15. Law 10,678/2003 included among the responsibilities of the new Secretariat the planning, coordination of execution, and evaluation of the National Affirmative Action Program, a program established in 2002 under the State Secretariat for Human Rights.

    • Lei nº 10.678, de 23 de maio de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 2 (original wording). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “no planejamento, coordenação da execução e avaliação do Programa Nacional de Ações Afirmativas e na promoção do acompanhamento da implementação de legislação de ação afirmativa”
    • Decreto nº 4.228, de 13 de maio de 2002 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 1 o Fica instituído, no âmbito da Administração Pública Federal, o Programa Nacional de Ações Afirmativas, sob a coordenação da Secretaria de Estado dos Direitos Humanos do Ministério da Justiça.”

  16. 16. The recitals of Decree 4,886/2003, which established the National Policy for the Promotion of Racial Equality, cite the document Brasil sem Racismo, prepared for the government program, and the Durban Plan of Action, a product of the 3rd World Conference against Racism.

    • Decreto nº 4.886, de 20 de novembro de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: recitals. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “- o documento Brasil sem Racismo, elaborado para o programa de governo indicando a implementação de políticas de promoção da igualdade racial nas áreas do trabalho, emprego e renda, cultura e comunicação, educação e saúde, terras de quilombos, mulheres negras, juventude, segurança e relações internacionais;”
    • Decreto nº 4.886, de 20 de novembro de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: recitals. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “- o Plano de Ação de Durban, produto da III Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo, a Discriminação Racial, Xenofobia e Intolerância Correlata”

  17. 17. Decree No. 4,886 of November 20, 2003 established the National Policy for the Promotion of Racial Equality (PNPIR), whose main objective is to reduce racial inequalities in Brazil, with an emphasis on the Black population.

  18. 18. According to Ipea, the preparatory process for the 1st Conapir included the organization, especially in the first half of 2005, of municipal and state conferences and conferences in the Federal District; the Conference brought together about three thousand people among delegates, guests, and observers, and the roughly one thousand delegates, elected in the preparatory process, approved just over one thousand amendments.

  19. 19. The Racial Equality Statute was established by Law No. 12,288 of July 20, 2010, enacted by the National Congress and signed into law by the President of the Republic, with the signatures of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Eloi Ferreira de Araújo.

    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and preamble. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 12.288, DE 20 DE JULHO DE 2010.”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: preamble and art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu sanciono a seguinte Lei: TÍTULO I DISPOSIÇÕES PRELIMINARES Art. 1 o Esta Lei institui o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial”
    • Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 19, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: signatures. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Brasília, 20 de julho de 2010; 189 o da Independência e 122 o da República. LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Eloi Ferreira de Araújo”

  20. 20. Provisional Measure No. 696 of October 2, 2015 abolished the position of Minister of State Head of the Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality and added to the list of ministries the Ministry of Women, Racial Equality, and Human Rights.

  21. 21. Law No. 13,266 of April 5, 2016, the conversion of MP 696/2015, abolished the Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality of the Presidency of the Republic and created the Ministry of Women, Racial Equality, Youth, and Human Rights, in whose structure a Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality came to appear.

    • Lei nº 13.266, de 5 de abril de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 13.266, DE 5 DE ABRIL DE 2016. Produção de efeito Mensagem de veto Conversão da Medida Provisória nº 696, de 2015”
    • Lei nº 13.266, de 5 de abril de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 1, V. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “V – a Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial da Presidência da República;”
    • Lei nº 13.266, de 5 de abril de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 3. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 3º Fica criado o Ministério das Mulheres, da Igualdade Racial, da Juventude e dos Direitos Humanos.”
    • Lei nº 13.266, de 5 de abril de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: basic structure of the Ministry (new wording of Law 10,683/2003). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “a Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres, a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, a Secretaria Especial de Direitos Humanos, a Secretaria Nacional de Juventude e até 7 (sete) Secretarias.”

  22. 22. Provisional Measure No. 726 of May 12, 2016, issued by the Vice President in the exercise of the Presidency, abolished the Ministry of Women, Racial Equality, Youth, and Human Rights and transferred its responsibilities, except those concerning youth, to the Ministry of Justice and Citizenship, where the Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality came to appear.

    • Medida Provisória nº 726, de 12 de maio de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and preamble. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “MEDIDA PROVISÓRIA Nº 726, DE 12 DE MAIO DE 2016.”
    • Medida Provisória nº 726, de 12 de maio de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: preamble and art. 1, VII. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “O VICE-PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA , no exercício do cargo de Presidente da República”
    • Medida Provisória nº 726, de 12 de maio de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 1, VII. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “VII - Ministério das Mulheres, da Igualdade Racial, da Juventude e dos Direitos Humanos;”
    • Medida Provisória nº 726, de 12 de maio de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 6, IV (transfer of responsibilities). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “IV - do Ministério das Mulheres, da Igualdade Racial, da Juventude e dos Direitos Humanos para o Ministério da Justiça e Cidadania, ressalvadas as competências sobre políticas para a juventude;”
    • Medida Provisória nº 726, de 12 de maio de 2016 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 14, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: transformation of positions, XXI. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “XXI - Natureza Especial de Secretário Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial do Ministério das Mulheres, da Igualdade Racial, da Juventude e dos Direitos Humanos em cargo de Natureza Especial de Secretário Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial do Ministério da Justiça e Cidadania; e”

  23. 23. Law No. 13,502 of November 1, 2017 included the National Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality and the National Council for the Promotion of Racial Equality in the basic structure of the Ministry of Human Rights.

    • Lei nº 13.502, de 1º de novembro de 2017 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 13.502, DE 1º DE NOVEMBRO DE 2017.”
    • Lei nº 13.502, de 1º de novembro de 2017 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured January 15, 2025); original address: planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 36, III and VI. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 36. Integram a estrutura básica do Ministério dos Direitos Humanos: I - a Secretaria Nacional de Cidadania; II - a Secretaria Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência; III - a Secretaria Nacional de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial;”

  24. 24. Law No. 13,844 of June 18, 2019 included the National Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality and the National Council for the Promotion of Racial Equality in the basic structure of the Ministry of Women, Family, and Human Rights.

    • Lei nº 13.844, de 18 de junho de 2019 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 18, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “LEI Nº 13.844, DE 18 DE JUNHO DE 2019”
    • Lei nº 13.844, de 18 de junho de 2019 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 18, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 44, VI and IX (revoked by Law 14,600/2023). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “VI - a Secretaria Nacional de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial; VII - a Secretaria Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência; VIII - a Secretaria Nacional de Promoção e Defesa dos Direitos da Pessoa Idosa; IX - o Conselho Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial;”
    • Lei nº 13.844, de 18 de junho de 2019 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 18, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 44, main provision. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 44. Integram a estrutura básica do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos:”

  25. 25. In the original wording of MP 111/2003, the position of Special Secretary for Policies to Promote Racial Equality had prerogatives, guarantees, advantages, and rights equivalent to those of a Minister of State.

    • Medida Provisória nº 111, de 21 de março de 2003 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured November 14, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 4 and sole paragraph. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 4 o Ficam criados, na Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, da Presidência da República, um cargo de natureza especial de Secretário Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial e um cargo de Secretário-Adjunto, código DAS 101.6. Parágrafo único. O cargo de natureza especial referido no caput terá prerrogativas, garantias, vantagens e direitos equivalentes ao de Ministro de Estado”

  26. 26. In a social policy bulletin, Ipea states that one of the distinctive aspects of the current government, as of the date of the bulletin, compared with the previous one was the creation of an administrative structure devoted to coordinating public policies to promote racial equality, with ministry-level status.

    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise, n. 8 (fev. 2004), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: p. 103, section 1 (Conjuncture). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Um dos aspectos distintivos do atual governo em relação ao anterior foi a criação de uma estrutura administrativa voltada à coordenação de políticas públicas dirigidas à promoção da igualdade racial. A Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (Seppir),47 com estatuto de ministério, cumpre tal papel.”

  27. 27. According to Ipea, MP 111/2003 was supplemented by Decree No. 4,651 of March 27, 2003, which defined the Secretariat's internal regulations structure and the number of commissioned positions.

  28. 28. According to Ipea, the National Council for the Promotion of Racial Equality, chaired by the head of Seppir, is made up of eighteen ministers of State and special secretaries, nineteen representatives of organized civil society entities, with an emphasis on those identified with the Black Movement, and three personalities of notable recognition in the field of race relations.

    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise, n. 8 (fev. 2004), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: p. 104. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Compõem o Conselho, presidido pela titular da Seppir, dezoito ministros de Estado e secretários especiais, que indicarão seus respec- tivos suplentes; dezenove representantes de entidades da sociedade civil organizada, com ênfase naquelas identificadas com o Movimento Negro; e três personalidades notoriamente reconhecidas no âmbito das relações raciais,”

  29. 29. Among the demands of the 1st Conapir reported by Ipea is the recommendation to the National Congress for the immediate approval of the Racial Equality Statute and the Racial Equality Promotion Fund.

  30. 30. Decree of November 7, 2008 set the holding of the 2nd National Conference for the Promotion of Racial Equality for June 25 to 28, 2009, under the coordination of the Secretariat and the CNPIR, to analyze and renegotiate the guidelines of the 1st Conference and evaluate the implementation of the National Plan for the Promotion of Racial Equality.

  31. 31. As worded by Decree No. 11,656 of 2023, the CNPIR became an advisory collegiate body that is part of the internal regulations structure of the Ministry of Racial Equality.

  32. 32. The Planapir Coordination and Monitoring Committee, established by Decree 6,872/2009, was revoked by Decree No. 10,087 of 2019.

    • Decreto nº 6.872, de 4 de junho de 2009 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured March 19, 2025); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 3 and revocation note. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 3 o Fica instituído o Comitê de Articulação e Monitoramento do PLANAPIR, no âmbito da Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, integrado por: (Revogado pelo Decreto nº 10.087, de 2019)”

  33. 33. According to Ipea, in 2003 Seppir did not manage a specific budget, because it was created that year, and from 2004 on it began to appear in the General Federal Budget and in the PPA with reduced planned resources.

    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise, n. 8 (fev. 2004), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: p. 107, section 3 (Financing and spending). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Em 2003, a Seppir não administrou um orçamento específico por ter sido criada apenas naquele ano. A partir de 2004, ela está incluída nas programações do Orça- mento Geral da União e do Plano Plurianual (PPA), ainda que com recursos previstos bastante reduzidos.”

  34. 34. According to Ipea, Seppir's planned budget for 2004 totaled R$17.2 million in the budget proposal, subject to changes by Congress, in the body's only program in the PPA, Management of the Racial Equality Promotion Policy.

  35. 35. In 2004, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$17,271,666, an authorized appropriation of R$17,429,666, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$12,857,769, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  36. 36. In 2006, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$32,688,327, an authorized appropriation of R$32,885,138, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$18,430,401, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  37. 37. In 2010, budget unit 20126 (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$68,676,102, an authorized appropriation of R$69,825,671, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$24,977,463, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  38. 38. In 2015, budget unit 67101 (Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality) had an initial appropriation of R$75,232,571, an authorized appropriation of R$76,703,049, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$17,934,068, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  39. 39. In 2023, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had no initial appropriation in the budget law and had an authorized appropriation of R$89,321,870 and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$47,313,515, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  40. 40. In 2024, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had an initial appropriation of R$180,433,909, an authorized appropriation of R$162,954,503, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$114,084,309, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  41. 41. In 2025, budget unit 67101 (Ministry of Racial Equality, direct administration) had an initial appropriation of R$217,898,160, an authorized appropriation of R$192,587,012, and an amount paid in the fiscal year of R$146,345,410, in nominal values, according to SIOP.

  42. 42. Ipea (2023) described a cycle of implementation and institutional consolidation of the racial agenda in the public sphere from the beginning of the century until 2015, followed by setbacks from 2015 on, more deeply since 2019, and a deepened dismantling between 2019 and 2022.

    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise, n. 30 (2023), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: p. 2 (section 2, Contextualization). Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Por conseguinte, é pertinente propor que vivenciamos no Brasil, do início do século até o ano de 2015, um ciclo de implementação e consolidação institucional da pauta racial na esfera pública (Abreu e Lima Júnior, 2020). A partir de 2015, e com mais profundidade desde 2019, notam-se alguns retrocessos, freios, ou mesmo inação em relação às políticas de promoção da igualdade racial no Brasil.”
    • Políticas Sociais: acompanhamento e análise, n. 30 (2023), capítulo Igualdade Racial · Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) Academic study
      Where: p. 2. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Tal desmonte foi aprofundado entre 2019 e 2022.”

  43. 43. Table 1 of Ipea (2023), citing the Brasil (2022) report, records a 95% reduction in resources and in budget execution for racial policies or actions from 2015 to 2022 and the abolition of Seppir, with ministry status, in 2015.

  44. 44. Ipea (2004) assessed that the government's commitment to promoting racial equality was not reflected in a significant allocation of budget resources, that the Secretariat's overall budget was quite small given the magnitude of the inequalities between Black and white people, and that Seppir had scarce financial, material, organizational, and human resources.

  45. 45. According to Ipea (2004), it will not be an easy task to track the financing and spending of actions to promote racial equality, because most of them are funded from the budgets of other bodies.

  46. 46. An Ipea study from 2014 on the 2004 to 2007 and 2008 to 2011 PPAs noted that the Seppir evaluations cited constraints such as low institutionalization of the policy, without targets, indicators, or consolidated mechanisms, and repeated criticism of insufficient material resources and of a lack or inadequacy of personnel.

  47. 47. The same Ipea study noted that, in 2008, 80% of Executive Branch programs, and 60% in the social ministries, had still not incorporated the racial issue, and pointed to a tendency toward isolation of the racial issue within Seppir.

  48. 48. Ipea noted in 2004 that the Secretariat was the only body in the government structure created after January 1, 2003 and that the delay in creating it even raised doubts about the government's willingness to address the racial issue.

  49. 49. According to Ipea, the 2004 to 2007 Multi-Year Plan included the challenge "Promote the reduction of racial inequalities in Brazil" within the mega-objective "Social inclusion and reduction of social inequalities".

  50. 50. According to Ipea, in response to pressure from social movements and civil society organizations, the federal government decided to keep Seppir and the SPM, but moved the SEDH to the General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic.

  51. 51. Decree No. 8,136 of November 5, 2013, signed by President Dilma Rousseff, approved the regulation of Sinapir.

    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 8, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and signatures. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “DECRETO Nº 8.136, DE 5 DE NOVEMBRO DE 2013 Aprova o regulamento do Sistema Nacional de Promoção da Igualdade Racial - Sinapir, instituído pela Lei nº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010.”
    • Decreto nº 8.136, de 5 de novembro de 2013 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 8, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: signatures. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Brasília, 5 de novembro de 2013; 192º da Independência e 125º da República. DILMA ROUSSEFF”

  52. 52. Decree No. 4,228 of May 13, 2002 established, within the Federal Public Administration, the National Affirmative Action Program, under the coordination of the State Secretariat for Human Rights of the Ministry of Justice.

    • Decreto nº 4.228, de 13 de maio de 2002 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: header and art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “DECRETO Nº 4.228, DE 13 DE MAIO DE 2002 Revogado pelo Decreto nº 11.785, de 2023”
    • Decreto nº 4.228, de 13 de maio de 2002 (cópia do Planalto no Internet Archive) · Presidency of the Republic Official legal act
      Read from an archived copy (Internet Archive (Wayback Machine), captured December 9, 2024); original address: www.planalto.gov.br. The archive preserves the copy; the author is Presidency of the Republic.
      Where: art. 1. Accessed October 14, 2026.
      “Art. 1 o Fica instituído, no âmbito da Administração Pública Federal, o Programa Nacional de Ações Afirmativas, sob a coordenação da Secretaria de Estado dos Direitos Humanos do Ministério da Justiça.”

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